Schoenoplectus pungens

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Cyperaceae
Subfamilia: Cyperoideae
Tribus: Schoenoplecteae
Genus: Schoenoplectus
Species: Schoenoplectus pungens
Varieties: S. p. var. badius – S. p. var. longispicatus – S. p. var. pungens
Name

Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 299 (1888).
Synonyms

Basionym
Scirpus pungens Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 255 (1805).
Homotypic
Heleogiton pungens (Vahl) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler & H.G.L.Reichenbach, Handb. Gewächsk. ed. 2, 3: 1808 (1830).
Cyperus pungens (Vahl) Missbach & E.H.L.Krause in J.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 2: 32 (1900), nom. illeg.
Scirpus americanus var. pungens (Vahl) Barros & Osten, Anales Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, ser. 2, 3: 203 (1931).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; District of Columbia; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Manitoba; Maryland; Masachusettes; Mexico Northeast; Mexico Northwest; Mexico Southwest; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Ontario; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Qubec; Rhode I.; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming
Continental: Souththern America
Argentina Northeast; Argentina Northwest; Argentina South; Bolivia; Chile Central; Chile North; Dominican Republic; Peru
Continental: Europe
Austria; Baltic States; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Spain; Switzerland; Ukraine
Continental: Australasia
Chatham Is.; New South Wales; New Zealand North; New Zealand South; South Australia; Tasmania; Victoria; Western Australia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Palla, E., 1888. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 10: 299.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Schoenoplectus pungens in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Feb 19. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Schoenoplectus pungens. Published online. Accessed: Feb 19 2020.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Schoenoplectus pungens in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Feb 19. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2020. Schoenoplectus pungens. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 19 Feb 2020.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Schoenoplectus pungens in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names
English: sharp club-rush, common three-square bulrush, chair-maker’s rush
Nederlands: stekende bies

Schoenoplectus pungens is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known as common threesquare,[2] common three-square bulrush[3] and sharp club-rush.[4] It is a herbaceous emergent plant that is widespread across much of North and South America as well as Europe, New Zealand and Australia.[1][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

Habitat

Threesquare is found in open, sun-lit marshes and along the shores of lakes and ponds, in water up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) deep. It is resistant to fire.[12][13][14][15]
Description

Schoenoplectus pungens is a long-lived perennial herb up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) tall.[13] The foliage is dark green, rough and dense. The small flowers are grouped in dense spikelets, with of 1–7 spikelets on each stem.[13] The seeds are brown.[13]

It is closely related to S. americanus, and many S. pungens specimens have long been misidentified as S. americanus.[3]

Painting by Jacob Sturm in Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen

At the Botanical Garden of Goethe University Frankfurt
Schoenoplectus pungens - Flickr - Kevin Thiele.jpg

References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Schoenoplectus pungens". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
Flora of North America
BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
"Family Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla". Wisplants. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
Jermy, C., Simpson, D., Foley, M. & Porter, M. (2007). Sedges of the British Isles. B.S.B.I. Handbook No. 1 , ed. 3: 1-554. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.
Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2008). Flora Iberica 18: 1-420. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
Rothrock, P.E. (2009). Sedges of Indiana and adjacent states: the non-Carex species: 1-271. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
Danylyk, I.M. & Honcharenko, V.I. (2009). Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla (Cyperaceae), a new species for of the Ukrainian flora. Ukrayins'k Botanichnyi Zhurnal 66: 650-655.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
"Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla". CalFlora. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
"Conservation Plant Characteristics". USDA.gov. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
"Schoenoplectus pungens v. pungens (Scirpus pungens, Scirpus americanus)". Native Plant Center. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
"Scirpus pungens Vahl three square". CalFlora. Retrieved 4 February 2013.