Trichoglottis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Vandeae
Subtribus: Aeridinae
Genus: Trichoglottis
Overview of species (85)

T. acutifolia – T. adnata – T. agusanensis – T. amesiana – T. angusta – T. apoensis – T. atropurpurea – T. australiensis – T. biglandulosa – T. bimae – T. bipenicillata – T. bipunctata – T. borneensis – T. brachystachya – T. calcarata – T. calochila – T. canhii – T. celebica – T. chrysochila – T. collenetteae – T. corazoniae – T. crociaria – T. cuneilabris – T. cypriana – T. dawsoniana – T. fasciata – T. geminata – T. gibbosicalcar – T. granulata – T. guibertii – T. hastatiloba – T. ionosma – T. javanica – T. jiewhoei – T. kinabaluensis – T. koordersii – T. lanceolaria – T. lasioglossa – T. latisepala – T. ledermannii – T. littoralis – T. lobifera – T. loheriana – T. lorata – T. lowderiana – T. luchuensis – T. luwuensis – T. luzonensis – T. maculata – T. magnicallosa – T. mimica – T. mindanaensis – T. odoratissima – T. orchidea – T. paniculata – T. pantherina – T. papuana – T. pauciflora – T. persicina – T. philippinensis – T. punctata – T. pusilla – T. ramosa – T. retusa – T. rigida – T. rosea – T. scandens – T. scaphigera – T. seidenfadenii – T. simplex – T. sitihasmahae – T. smithii – T. subviolacea – T. tamesisii – T. tenera – T. tenuis – T. tinekeae – T. tricostata – T. triflora – T. uexkuelliana – T. valida – T. vandiflora – T. ventricularis – T. winkleri – T. zollingeriana
Name

Trichoglottis Blume, Bijdr.: 359 (1825)

Type species: Trichoglottis retusa Blume, Bijdr.: 360 (1825)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Ceratochilus Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 358 (1825)
Synptera Llanos, Fragm. Pl. Filip.: 98 (1851)
Stauropsis Rchb.f., Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 17: 117 (1860)
Staurochilus Ridl. ex Pfitzer in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 2: 16 (1900)
Sarothrochilus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 50 (1906)
Ventricularia Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23: 210 (1972)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
China
China South-Central.
Eastern Asia
Taiwan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
India, Sri Lanka.
Indo-China
Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
Papuasia
Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Islands.
Australasia
Australia
Queensland.
Pacific
Northwestern Pacific
Caroline Islands.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Blume, C.L. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 8: 359.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2014. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 6: Epidendroideae (Part three); page 311 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19964-651-7

Additional references

Lamb, A. (2008) The genus Trichoglottis in Sabah. Malesian Orchid Journal 1: 17–40.

Links

'eFloras 2009. Trichoglottis in Flora of China vol. 25 Orchidaceae --> pdf Trichoglottis
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2020. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Trichoglottis. Accessed: 2020 Dec 9.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Trichoglottis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Dec 9. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Trichoglottis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Dec 9. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Trichoglottis. Published online. Accessed: 9 Dec 2020.
The Plant List 2013. Trichoglottis in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Dec 9.
Tropicos.org 2020. Trichoglottis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Dec 9.

Vernacular names

English: Cherub orchids
日本語: トリコグロッティス属
перем коми: Трихоглоттис
коми: Трихоглоттис
олык марий: Трихоглоттис
кырык мары: Трихоглоттис
русский: Трихоглоттис
удмурт: Трихоглоттис
中文: 船唇兰属

Trichoglottis, commonly known as cherub orchids[4] or 毛舌兰属 (mao she lan shu),[5] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and many large, thick, leathery leaves arranged in two ranks. The flowers are usually small and yellowish with light brown or purple markings. The flowers have broad sepals, narrower petals and a labellum which has three lobes and is often hairy. There are about 85 species distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to the north-western Pacific. Most species grow in rainforest.

Description

Orchids in the genus Trichoglottis are epiphytic or climbing herbs with a monopodial habit, thick roots and straggly or pendulous stems. There are many large, leathery linear to elliptic leaves arranged in two ranks with their bases sheathing the stems. From one to a few relatively small flowers are arranged on flowering stems arising from leaf axils. The flowers are resupinate and commonly yellowish with light brown or purple markings. They tend to be produced sporadically throughout the year and last for about a week. The sepals are free and subsimilar. The petals are also free from each other and slightly shorter than the sepals. The labellum is fixed rigidly to the column, fleshy, pubescent or hairy, formed by three lobes and features a sac or spur.[4][5][6]
Taxonomy and naming

The genus Trichoglottis was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and the description was published in Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië.[1][7]

The name Trichoglottis means "hair tongue", and refers to the type species' pubescent labellum.[6]
Ceratochilus

In 2014, Kocyan and Schuiteman moved the former monotypic genus Ceratochilus into Trichoglottis. The sole species of Ceratochilus, C. biglandulosus, is endemic to the island of Java in, Indonesia. Though Ceratochilus was never considered to be closely related to Trichoglottis, molecular analysis strongly supported its position as sister to T. pusilla. Rather than excluding T. pusilla, the authors merged Ceratochilus with Trichoglottis.[8]
Species list

The following is a list of species of Trichoglottis accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at January 9019:

Trichoglottis acutifolia Ridl.
Trichoglottis adnata J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis agusanensis Ames & Quisumb.
Trichoglottis amesiana L.O.Williams
Trichoglottis angusta J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis atropurpurea Rchb.f.
Trichoglottis australiensis Dockrill
Trichoglottis biglandulosa (Blume) Kocyan & Schuit.
Trichoglottis bimae Rchb.f.
Trichoglottis bipenicillata J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis bipunctata (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) Tang & F.T.Wang (1951).
Trichoglottis borneensis (J.J.Wood) Kocyan & Schuit.
Trichoglottis brachystachya (Kraenzl.) Garay
Trichoglottis calcarata Ridl.
Trichoglottis calochila L.O.Williams
Trichoglottis canhii Aver.
Trichoglottis celebica Rolfe
Trichoglottis chrysochila (Kraenzl.) Ormerod & Cootes
Trichoglottis collenetteae J.J.Wood, C.L.Chan & A.L.Lamb
Trichoglottis crociaria Seidenf.
Trichoglottis cuneilabris Carr
Trichoglottis cypriana P.O'Byrne, Gokusing & J.J.Wood
Trichoglottis dawsoniana (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.
Trichoglottis fasciata Rchb.f.
Trichoglottis geminata (Teijsm. & Binn.) J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis gibbosicalcar (Seidenf.) Senghas in F.R.R.Schlechter
Trichoglottis granulata Ridl.
Trichoglottis guibertii (Linden & Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.
Trichoglottis hastatiloba J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb
Trichoglottis ionosma (Lindl.) J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis javanica J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis jiewhoei J.J.Wood, A.L.Lamb & C.L.Chan
Trichoglottis joiceyana J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis kinabaluensis Rolfe
Trichoglottis koordersii Rolfe
Trichoglottis lanceolaria Blume
Trichoglottis lasioglossa (Schltr.) Ormerod
Trichoglottis latisepala Ames
Trichoglottis ledermannii Schltr.
Trichoglottis littoralis Schltr.
Trichoglottis lobifera J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis loheriana (Kraenzl.) L.O.Williams
Trichoglottis lorata (Rolfe ex Downie) Schuit.
Trichoglottis lowderiana Choltco
Trichoglottis luchuensis (Rolfe) Garay & H.R.Sweet
Trichoglottis luwuensis P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.
Trichoglottis luzonensis Ames
Trichoglottis maculata (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis magnicallosa Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
Trichoglottis mimica L.O.Williams
Trichoglottis mindanaensis Ames
Trichoglottis odoratissima Garay
Trichoglottis orchidea (J.Koenig) Garay
Trichoglottis paniculata J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis pantherina J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis papuana Schltr.
Trichoglottis pauciflora J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis persicina P.O'Byrne
Trichoglottis philippinensis Lindl.
Trichoglottis punctata Ridl.
Trichoglottis pusilla (Teijsm. & Binn.) Rchb.f.
Trichoglottis ramosa (Lindl.) Senghas in F.R.R.Schlechter
Trichoglottis retusa Blume
Trichoglottis rigida Blume
Trichoglottis rosea (Lindl.) Ames in E.D.Merrill
Trichoglottis scandens J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis scaphigera Ridl.
Trichoglottis seidenfadenii Aver.
Trichoglottis simplex J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis sitihasmahae J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb
Trichoglottis smithii Carr
Trichoglottis sororia Schltr.
Trichoglottis subviolacea (Llanos) Merr.
Trichoglottis tamesisii Quisumb. & C.Schweinf.
Trichoglottis tenera (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Trichoglottis tenuis Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
Trichoglottis tinekeae Schuit.
Trichoglottis tricostata J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis triflora (Guillaumin) Garay & Seidenf.
Trichoglottis uexkuelliana J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis valida Ridl.
Trichoglottis vandiflora J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis ventricularis Kocyan & Schuit.
Trichoglottis winkleri J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis winkleri var. minor J.J.Sm.
Trichoglottis winkleri var. winkleri
Trichoglottis zollingeriana (Kraenzl.) J.J.Sm.

Distribution and habitat

Orchids in the genus Trichoglottis are found in China, Taiwan, Assam, Bangladesh, the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, the Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaysia, the Maluku Islands, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea the Solomon Islands, Queensland (Australia), the Caroline Islands and Palau. Most species grow in rainforest.[1][4]
Gallery

Trichoglottis atropurpurea

Trichoglottis philippinensis

Trichoglottis atropurpurea

References

"Trichoglottis". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
"Trichoglottis retusa". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Blanco, Francisco Manuel (1883). Flora de Filipinas. p. 348. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 458. ISBN 1877069124.
Chen, Xinqi; Wood, Jeffrey J. "Thrixspermum". Flora of China. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
"Trichoglottis". Taxonomy Research and Information Network (TRIN). Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
Blume, Carl Ludwig (1825). Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië (Part 7). Batavia. pp. 359–360. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
Kocyan, Alexander & Schuiteman, André. "New combinations in Aeridinae" (Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 161: 77 (2014).