Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Superclassis: Multicrustacea
Classis: Malacostraca
Subclassis: Eumalacostraca
Superordo: Eucarida
Ordo: Decapoda
Subordo: Pleocyemata
Infraordo: Astacidea
Superfamilia: Parastacoidea
Familia: Parastacidae
Genus: Euastacus
Species: E. morgani – E. vesper
…
Name
Euastacus Clark, 1936
References
Primary references
Clark, E. 1936. The freshwater and land crayfishes of Australia. Memoirs of the Natural Museum of Victoria 10: 5–58. BHL Reference page.
Clark, E. 1941. Revision of the genus Euastacus (family Parastacidae) with notes on the distribution of certain species. Memoirs of the National Museum Melbourne, 12: 7–30, plates I-IX. DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.1941.12.01 Open access. BHL. Reference page.
Additional references
Coughran, J. & McCormack, R.B. 2011. Euastacus morgani sp. n., a new spiny crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) from the highland rainforests of eastern New South Wales, Australia. ZooKeys 85: 17–26. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.85.1237 Reference page.
McCormack, R.B. & Ahyong, S.T. 2017. Euastacus vesper sp. nov., a new giant spiny crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) from the Great Dividing Range, New South Wales, Australia. Zootaxa 4244(4): 566–567. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.6 Reference page.
Euastacus is a genus of freshwater crayfish known as "spiny crayfish". They are found in the south-east of the Australian mainland, along with another genus of crayfish, Cherax. Both genera are members of the family Parastacidae, a family of freshwater crayfish restricted to the Southern Hemisphere.
Euastacus crayfish are distinguished from the smooth-shelled Cherax species by the short robust spikes on their claws and carapace, and frequently, their larger size. Many Euastacus species grow to a relatively large size, with the Murray River crayfish (Euastacus armatus) being the second largest freshwater crayfish species in the world. (The largest freshwater crayfish in the world is the Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish (Astacopsis gouldi), found on the Australian island of Tasmania, and the genus Astacopsis is now known to be a very closely related sister genus to Euastacus.)
The genera Cherax and Euastacus continue a trend present in many Australian native freshwater fish genera of speciation into generalist lowland and specialist upland species. Generally, Cherax species inhabit lowland rivers at low to medium altitudes and swamps and ephemeral waters in inland areas of Australia including the Murray-Darling Basin. Conversely, Euastacus species are only found in permanent waters and generally inhabit upland rivers at medium to high altitudes in the Murray-Darling Basin as well as many easterly and southerly flowing coastal river systems. The partial exceptions to this are:
the Murray River crayfish which was originally found along the entire length of the Murray River in addition to many upland habitats, and is still found in the middle reaches of the Murray River
the Glenelg Spiny Crayfish (Eustacus bispinosus), found (or formerly found) in lowland areas of the Glenelg River system and Eight Mile Creek/Ewen Ponds system[1]
the Gippsland Crayfish (Euastacus kershawi), found in lowland areas of some streams in the Gippsland area.
Even when found in lowland habitats, these several more adaptable Euastacus crayfish are still highly dependent on reliable flows and good water quality, with good dissolved oxygen levels and low salinity. In contrast to Cherax (yabby) species, Euastacus species are unable to survive drying of their habitats.
The genus Cherax has a far wider distribution than the genus Euastacus, and is found in many parts of Australia including south-western Australia. The genus Euastacus is restricted to the south-east of the Australian mainland. There is a high degree of endemism in Euastacus species in coastal river systems, with many species restricted to single river or creek catchment. Euastacus species occur in several upland reservoirs.
Euastacus species are extremely slow growing, long-lived (possibly 40+ years in some species), and late to reach sexual maturity. These biological characteristics make Euastacus species vulnerable to environmental disturbances and essentially unable to support to catch-and-kill fisheries.
Euastacus sp.
Species
Of the 50 species in the genus Euastacus,[2][3] 17 are on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered (CR), 17 are endangered (EN), 5 vulnerable (VU), 1 near threatened (NT), 8 least concern (LC) and 1 is data deficient (DD):
Euastacus armatus (Von Martens, 1866) DD[4]
Euastacus australasiensis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) LC[5]
Euastacus balanesis Morgan, 1988 EN[6]
Euastacus bidawalis Morgan, 1986 EN[7]
Euastacus bindal Morgan, 1989 CR[8]
Euastacus bispinosus Clark, 1936 VU[9]
Euastacus brachythorax Riek, 1969 EN[10]
Euastacus clarkae Morgan, 1997 CR[11]
Euastacus claytoni Riek, 1969 EN[12]
Euastacus crassus Riek, 1969 EN[13]
Euastacus dalagarbe Coughran, 2005 CR[14]
Euastacus dangadi Morgan, 1997 LC[15]
Euastacus diharawalus Morgan, 1997 CR[16]
Euastacus diversus Riek, 1969 EN[17]
Euastacus eungella Morgan, 1988 CR[18]
Euastacus fleckeri (Watson, 1953) EN[19]
Euastacus gamilaroi Morgan, 1997 CR[20]
Euastacus girurmulayn Coughran, 2005 CR[21]
Euastacus gumar Morgan, 1997 EN[22]
Euastacus guruhgi Coughran, 2005 CR[23]
Euastacus guwinus Morgan, 1997 CR[24]
Euastacus hirsutus (McCulloch, 1917) EN[25]
Euastacus hystricosus Riek, 1951 EN[26]
Euastacus jagabar Coughran, 2005 CR[27]
Euastacus jagara Morgan, 1988 CR[28]
Euastacus kershawi Smith, 1912 LC[29]
Euastacus maccai McCormack & Coughran, 2008 EN[30]
Euastacus maidae (Riek, 1956) CR[31]
Euastacus mirangudjin Coughran, 2002 CR[32]
Euastacus monteithorum Morgan, 1989 CR[33]
Euastacus morgani Coughran & McCormack, 2011
Euastacus neodiversus Riek, 1969 EN[34]
Euastacus neohirsutus Riek, 1956 LC[35]
Euastacus pilosus Coughran & Leckie, 2007 EN[36]
Euastacus polysetosus Riek, 1951 EN[37]
Euastacus reductus Riek, 1969 LC[38]
Euastacus rieki Morgan, 1997 EN[39]
Euastacus robertsi Monroe, 1977 CR[40]
Euastacus setosus (Riek, 1956) CR[41]
Euastacus simplex Riek, 1956 VU[42]
Euastacus spinichelatus Morgan, 1997 EN[43]
Euastacus spinifer (Heller, 1865) LC[44]
Euastacus sulcatus Riek, 1951 VU[45]
Euastacus suttoni Clark, 1941 VU[46]
Euastacus urospinosus (Riek, 1956) EN[47]
Euastacus valentulus Riek, 1951 LC[48]
Euastacus wiowuru Morgan, 1986 NT[49]
Euastacus yanga Morgan, 1997 LC[50]
Euastacus yarraensis (McCoy, 1888) VU[51]
Euastacus yigara Short & Davie, 1993 CR[52]
References
Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water (2011). "Listing Advice for Euastacus bispinosus" (PDF). Retrieved 20 April 2011.
James W. Fetzner Jr. (14 January 2008). "Euastacus". Crayfish Taxon Browser. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
Jason Coughran; Robert B. McCormack (2011). "Euastacus morgani sp. n., a new spiny crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) from the highland rainforests of eastern New South Wales, Australia". ZooKeys (85): 17–26. doi:10.3897/zookeys.85.1237. PMC 3082992. PMID 21594095.
Alves, N.; Coughran, J.; Furse, J.; Lawler, S. (2010). "Euastacus armatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8136A12889370. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8136A12889370.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus australasiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153703A4534130. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153703A4534130.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus balanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153672A4530397. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153672A4530397.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J.; Lawler, S. (2010). "Euastacus bidawalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153720A4536402. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153720A4536402.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus bindal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8137A12889668. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8137A12889668.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus bispinosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8138A12889919. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8138A12889919.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2021). "Euastacus brachythorax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T153615A198268496. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T153615A198268496.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
McCormack, R.B. (2015). "Euastacus clarkae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T153666A79360699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T153666A79360699.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus claytoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153718A4536039. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153718A4536039.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J.; Lawler, S. (2010). "Euastacus crassus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8148A12892235. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8148A12892235.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus dalagarbe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153601A4518770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153601A4518770.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus dangadi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153737A4538463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153737A4538463.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
McCormack, R.B. (2016). "Euastacus dharawalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T153704A188805771. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T153704A188805771.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J.; Lawler, S. (2010). "Euastacus diversus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8149A12892496. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8149A12892496.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus eungella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8139A12890201. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8139A12890201.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus fleckeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8140A12890410. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8140A12890410.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus gamilaroi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153613A4520298. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153613A4520298.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus girurmulayn". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153646A4526116. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153646A4526116.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus gumar". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153609A4519793. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153609A4519793.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus guruhgi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153676A4530890. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153676A4530890.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus guwinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153645A4525953. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153645A4525953.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus hirsutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153733A4537818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153733A4537818.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus hystricosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8141A12890633. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8141A12890633.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus jagabar". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153692A4532679. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153692A4532679.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus jagara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8142A12890859. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8142A12890859.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J.; Lawler, S. (2010). "Euastacus kershawi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153632A4523337. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153632A4523337.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus maccai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T165919A6163527. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T165919A6163527.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus maidae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8143A12891071. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8143A12891071.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus mirangudjin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153743A4539162. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153743A4539162.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus monteithorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8144A12891305. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8144A12891305.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus neodiversus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8150A12892734. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8150A12892734.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus neohirsutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153653A4527386. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153653A4527386.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus pilosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153736A4538303. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153736A4538303.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus polysetosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153725A4536930. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153725A4536930.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus reductus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153604A4519277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153604A4519277.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J.; Lawler, S. (2010). "Euastacus rieki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153706A4534633. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153706A4534633.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus robertsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8145A12891518. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8145A12891518.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus setosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8146A12891752. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8146A12891752.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus simplex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153686A4531912. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153686A4531912.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus spinichelatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153673A4530582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153673A4530582.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus spinifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153707A4534826. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153707A4534826.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Furse, J.; Coughran, J. (2010). "Euastacus sulcatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153638A4524232. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153638A4524232.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus suttoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153727A4537203. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153727A4537203.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus urospinosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8147A12891980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8147A12891980.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus valentulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153658A4527925. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153658A4527925.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J.; Lawler, S. (2010). "Euastacus woiwuru". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153630A4522997. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153630A4522997.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus yanga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153631A4523177. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153631A4523177.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus yarraensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153639A4524409. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153639A4524409.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Coughran, J.; Furse, J. (2010). "Euastacus yigara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T8151A12892960. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T8151A12892960.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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