Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Cephalopoda
Subclassis: Coleoidea
Cohors: Neocoleoidea
Superordo: Octopodiformes
Ordo: Vampyromorphida
Suborders: Vampyromorphina - †Kelaenina - †Prototeuthina - †Mesoteuthina
Vernacular names
Ελληνικά: Βαμπυρόμορφα
English: Vampire squid
suomi: Vampyyritursaat
Vampyromorphida is an order of cephalopods comprising one known extant species (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) and many extinct taxa. Physically, they somewhat resemble octopuses (their closest relatives), but the eight arms are united by a web of skin, and two smaller cilia are also present.[1] Properly speaking, the vampire squid does not possess cilia, but cirri (cilia-like projections).[2]
Classification
Order Vampyromorphida
Suborder †Kelaenina
Family †Muensterellidae
Suborder †Prototeuthina
Family †Loligosepiidae
Family †Geopeltididae
Family †Lioteuthididae
Family †Mastigophoridae
Suborder †Mesoteuthina
Family †Palaeololiginidae
Subfamily †Teudopseinae
Subfamily †Palaeololigininae
Suborder Vampyromorphina
Family Vampyroteuthidae
The following taxa were long considered to belong to Vampyromorphida, but this placement may be incorrect:[3]
Family †Plesioteuthididae
Family †Leptotheuthididae
Family †Trachyteuthididae
Subfamily †Trachyteuthidinae
Subfamily †Actinosepiinae
References
Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 461. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
Hoving, Hendrik J. T.; Robison, Bruce H. (22 November 2012). "Vampire squid: detritivores in the oxygen minimum zone". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1747): 4559–4567. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1357. PMC 3479720. PMID 23015627.
Fischer, Jean-Claude & Riou, Bernard (2002): Vampyronassa rhodanica nov. gen. nov sp., vampyromorphe (Cephalopoda, Coleoidea) du Callovien inférieur de la Voulte-sur-Rhône (Ardèche, France). Annales de Paléontologie 88(1) 1−17. [French with English abstract] doi:10.1016/S0753-3969(02)01037-6 (HTML abstract)
The Taxonomicon: Order Vampyromorphida
Mikko's Phylogeny Archive: Vampyromorpha
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