Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Lecanoromycetes
Subclassis: Ostropomycetidae
Ordo: Pertusariales
Familia: Agyriaceae
Genus: Agyrium
Species: A. rufum
Name
Agyrium Fr., 1822
References
Purvis, O.W. and James. P.W. (1992) Agyrium Fr. (1822) (p. 67) In: Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (eds.) The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publication, 710 pp.
USDA Plants Database
Agyrium is a genus of saprophytic fungi in the family Agyriaceae. It probably evolved from a lichen ancestor, as it is closely related to many lichenized species of fungi.[2]
Taxonomy
Agyrium was first proposed by Elias Magnus Fries in his 1821 work Systema Mycologicum,[3] although the name was not published validly as a type species was not indicated;[4] Fries published the name validly a year later in the second volume of the same work.[5] The species Agyrium rufum was assigned as the type by Frederic Clements and Cornelius Lott Shear in 1931.[6]
Description
Characteristics of genus Agyrium include the following: a poorly developed thallus that is immersed in its substrate; ascomata in the form of an apothecium with a reduced ring-shaped exciple (the layer surrounding the hymenium that sometimes develops into a distinct margin); paraphyses that are highly branched; and ascospores that are ellipsoid and thin-walled.[7]
The mycelia of Agyrium fungi, although not strictly lichenised, are associated with and sometimes penetrate green algae – particularly near the apothecia.[7] This is a condition that has been described as "facultative parasitism".[8]
Species
As of May 2021, Species Fungorum accepts two species of Agyrium.
Agyrium aurantium W.Y.Zhuang & Zhu L.Yang (2006)
Agyrium rufum (Pers.) Fr. (1822)
The type species, Agyrium rufum, has a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution and occurs widely in Europe, although it has also been recorded in Tasmania.[7] Agyrium aurantium occurs in China.[9]
Although 46 taxa have been placed in Agyrium since its inception, many of them were described more than a century ago and have not been investigated with modern molecular techniques. Several of them have since been transferred to other genera. For example:
Agyrium caesium Fr. (1822) = Puttea caesia
Agyrium densum Fuckel (1871) = Mellitiosporiella densa
Agyrium flavescens Rehm (1903) = Skyttella mulleri
Agyrium nigricans Fr. (1822) = Platygloea nigricans
Agyrium nitidum Lib. (1834) = Agyriella nitida
Agyrium phragmiticola Hansf. (1946) = Neottiosporina phragmiticola
Agyrium solidaginis (Ces.) De Not. (1863) = Ploettnera solidaginis
Agyrium vulpinum (Tul.) H.Olivier = Phacopsis vulpina
References
"Agyrium Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(1): 210, 231 (1822)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
Esslinger, T. L. 2009. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University. First posted December 1 1997; most recent update 27 August, 2009. Fargo, North Dakota.
Fries, E.M. (1821). Systema mycologicum : sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit (in Latin). 1. Lundin: Ex Officina Berlingiana. p. lv.
"Record Details: Agyrium Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(1): 210, 231 (1822)". Index Fungorum. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
Fries, E.M. (1821). Systema mycologicum : sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit (in Latin). 2. Gryphiswaldae: Sumtibus Ernesti Mauritii. pp. 210, 231.
Clements, Frederic E.; Chear, Cornelius L. (1931). The Genera of Fungi. New York: H.W. Wilson Company. p. 331.
Kantvilas, G. (2002). "Agyrium Fr., Bryophagus Nitschke ex Arnold and Racodium Fr., lichen genera previously unrecorded for Australia". Muelleria. 16: 65–70.
Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (1997). "Systematic studies in the sub-order Argyriineae (Lecanorales)". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 83: 1–73.
Zhuang, Wen-Ying; Yang, Zhu-Liang (2006). "A new species of Agyrium from Yunnan, China". Mycotaxon. 96: 169–172.
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