Cassia sieberiana

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Caesalpinioideae
Tribus: Cassieae
Subtribus: Cassiinae
Genus: Cassia
Species: Cassia sieberiana
Name

Cassia sieberiana DC., 1825
Synonyms

Cassia conspicua (G.Don) Vogel
Cassia javanica Sieber ex Benth.
Cassia kotschyana Oliv.
Cathartocarpus conspicuus G.Don
Cathartocarpus sieberianus (DC.) G.Don

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
Regional: Tropical Africa
Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Repu, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zaïre

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

De Candolle, A.P. 1825. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. Pars 2: Sistens Calyciflorarum ordines X. 644 pp. Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page. : 2:489.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Cassia sieberiana in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Aug 29. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Cassia sieberiana. Published online. Accessed: Aug 29 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Cassia sieberiana. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Aug 29.
Catalogue of Life: 2020 Annual Checklist
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Cassia sieberiana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
English: African Laburnum

Cassia sieberiana, drumstick tree, is a tree in the family Fabaceae native to Africa. It ranges from 10–20 metres in height and has very bright yellow flowers. It is used for multiple medical purposes in Africa and is found in the secondary jungle of a forest.[2]

Description
Cassia sieberiana autour du parc national Pendjari

Individuals of this species are anywhere from 10-20m in height. The bark ranges from a dark grey to black. The lenticels are horizontal and a reddish color. The leaves are arranged in leaflets that contain 7-10 pair of opposite leaves. The upper side of the leaf is moderately shiny while the bottom has very fine nerves with stipules that are deciduous.[2]

This plant has both flowers and fruit. The flowers are a very bright yellow during the dry season, which is from February through March. Flowers are arranged either upright or in pendulous racemes ranging from 30–50 cm. There are five sepals with 5 bracts. The petals are 15–20 cm long while the green sepals are 6-7mm in length. There are a total of 10 stamens. The fruit ranges from a dark brown to black color. The fruit is indehiscent in that it stays attached to the tree for an extended amount of time. September through February is when the fruit reaches maturity.[2]

The tree is named sindia in the Wolof language, and sinjan in Bambara language, which literally means "long breast," a reference to the shape of the seed pods.
Distribution and habitat
Fruit of Cassia sieberiana, from Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Cassia sieberiana is found in multiple parts of Africa including the southern part of the Sahel,

Senegal, Sudan, and Uganda. It is also found in East Africa.[2]

Cassia sieberiana grows best in well drained, humid soils with an annual rainfall of approximately 20 inches. It typically grows as a shrub in very dry regions. These shrubs grow in groups of other plants, they usually never grow alone.[2]
Use
Food

In Nigeria the sweet extract of the stems is used for food.[3] Chew sticks can also be made from the root-wood part of the plant.
Other uses

Cassia sieberiana is used to make tools, pestles, mortars, and also used for construction because it is a very hard wood that is resistant to termites. In addition, it is also an ornamental tree because of its brightly colored flowers. Some cultures also incorporate the plant in their religion and for superstitious and magical purposes.[2]

Parts of the plant have also been used traditionally as teeth cleaning twigs.[4]
References

"Cassia sieberiana DC.". International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS). Retrieved 4 July 2013 – via The Plant List.
Von Maydell, Hans-Jurgen (1990). Trees and Shrubs of the Sahel: Their Characteristics and Uses. Verlag Josef Margraf, Scientific Books.
Freedman, R. "FABACEAE - Famine Foods". Archived from the original (Web) on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
Ra'ed I. Al Sadhan, Khalid Almas (1999). "Miswak (chewing Stick): A Cultural And Scientific Heritage". Saudi Dental Journal. 11 (2): 80–88.