Fraxinus velutina

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Oleaceae
Tribus: Oleeae
Subtribus: Fraxininae
Genus: Fraxinus
Species: Fraxinus velutina
Name

Fraxinus velutina Torr., in W.H.Emory, Not. Milit. Reconn.: 149 (1848).
Synonyms

Homotypic
Fraxinus velutina var. typica Lingelsh. in Engl., Pflanzenr. 4, Fam. 243, I & II: 43. 1920, nom. inval.

Heterotypic
Fraxinus americana var. coriacea (S.Watson) Wenz., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 182. (1883).
Fraxinus americana var. pistaciifolia (Torr.) Wenz., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 182. (1883).
Fraxinus attenuata M.E.Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 59. (1908).
Fraxinus berlandieriana G.Schellenb., nom. illeg.
Fraxinus coriacea S.Watson, Amer. Naturalist 7: 302. (1873).
Fraxinus pennsylvanica subsp. velutina (Torr.) G.S.Mill., Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 335: 40. (1955).
Fraxinus pistaciifolia Torr., Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 128. (1857).
Fraxinus pistaciifolia var. coriacea (S.Watson) A.Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 74. (1878).
Fraxinus pistaciifolia var. velutina (Torr.) Sudw., Rep. Secr. Agric. 1892: 326. (1893).
Fraxinus standleyi Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 208. (1917).
Fraxinus standleyi var. lasia Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 210. (1917).
Fraxinus toumeyi Britton, N. Amer. Trees 803. (1908).
Fraxinus velutina var. coriacea Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 206. (1917).
Fraxinus velutina var. glabra Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 207. (1917).
Fraxinus velutina var. glabrata Lingelsh. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 243 (Heft 72): 43. (1920).
Fraxinus velutina var. toumeyi Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 53: 204. (1917).

Homonyms

Fraxinus velutina Lingelsh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 216 (1907). = Fraxinus chinensis subsp. chinensis

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

North America
Mexico
Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast.
South-Central U.S.A.
New Mexico.
Southwestern U.S.A.
Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.

Fraxinus velutina Wood

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001.

TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Additional references

Govaerts, R.H.A. 2001. World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS E-F: 1-50919. [unavailable to the public] Reference page.
Wallander, E. 2008. Systematics of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) and evolution of dioecy. Plant Systematics and Evolution 273(1–2): 25–49. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-008-0005-3 Paywall. JSTOR Paywall. ResearchGate Open access. Reference page.
Allred, K. W. 2012. Flora Neomexicana. The vascular plants of New Mexico. Vol. 1: An annotated checklist to the names of vascular plants, with synonymy and bibliography. Ed. 2. 613 pp. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Reference page.
Villaseñor, J.L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559–902. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.06.017 Online PDF Reference page.

Links

Oldfield, S., Martínez Salas, E., Samain, M.-S. & Westwood, M. 2017.. Fraxinus velutina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T96444728A96444730.en.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Fraxinus velutina in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Oct 24. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Fraxinus velutina. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Oct 24. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Fraxinus velutina. Published online. Accessed: 24 October 2019.

Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Məxməri göyrüş
Deutsch: Arizona-Esche
English: Velvet Ash
polski: Jesion aksamitny

Fraxinus velutina, the velvet ash, Arizona ash or Modesto ash, is a species of Fraxinus native to southwestern North America, in the United States from southern California east to Texas, and in Mexico from northern Baja California east to Coahuila and Nuevo León.[1]

Description

Fraxinus velutina is a small deciduous tree growing to 10 m tall, with a trunk up to 30 cm diameter. The bark is rough gray-brown and fissured, and the shoots are velvety-downy. The leaves are 10–25 cm long, pinnately compound with five or seven (occasionally three) leaflets 4 cm or more long, with an entire or finely serrated margin. The flowers are produced in small clusters in early spring; it is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate trees. The fruit is a samara 1.5–3 cm long, with an apical wing 4–8 mm broad.[2][3]

Fraxinus velutina is closely related to Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon Ash) and Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green Ash), replacing these species to the south of their respective ranges; it intergrades with F. latifolia in central California (around Kern County, without a clear boundary between the species.[4]
Distribution
Foliage (dark green) and fruit (light green) of a mature specimen

In Arizona, the range of Fraxinus velutina is centered on the Mogollon Rim, from the northwest in the Grand Canyon feeder canyons of southern Utah and Nevada, to the central-east White Mountains (Arizona) merging into the same mountainous area of western New Mexico, then to the Rio Grande valley south to trans-Pecos Texas. In Arizona and northern Sonora it also is found in the sky island mountain ranges, the Madrean Sky Islands, and is found from central-southern Arizona, in the Sonoran Desert mountains, and the desert ranges south into northern Sonora and the very north of the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera of Sonora and Chihuahua. Scattered populations occur eastward through the Chihuahuan Desert regions of Chihuahua, Coahuila and Nuevo León.[5]

In California Fraxinus velutina is found in the southern Sierra Nevada, the Mojave and Colorado Deserts, and the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, with scattered populations extending into Baja California.
References

"Fraxinus velutina". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 8 January 2018.
Jepson Flora: Fraxinus velutina
Southwest Environmental Information Network: Fraxinus velutina[permanent dead link]
Griffin, J. R., & Critchfield, W. B. (1976). The Distribution of Forest Trees of California. U.S. Forest Service Research Paper PSW-82.
Little Jr., Elbert L. (1976). "Map 83, Fraxinus velutina". Atlas of United States Trees. Vol. 3 (Minor Western Hardwoods). US Government Printing Office. LCCN 79-653298. OCLC 4053799.