Omphalodes

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Boraginales

Familia: Boraginaceae
Subfamilia: Boraginoideae
Tribus: Cynoglosseae
Genus: Omphalodes
Species: O. cappadocica – O. davisiana – O. heterophylla – O. kusnezowii – O. luciliae – O. nitida – O. ripleyana – O. runemarkii – O. rupestris – O. verna
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Omphalodes in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 26. Reference page.

Name

Omphalodes Mill.

Typus: O. verna
Mill.

Synonyms

Omphalium Wallr.
Picotia Roem. & Schult.
Umbilicaria Heist. ex Fabr.

References
Primary references

Miller, P. 1754. The Gardeners Dictionary. Abridged. Ed. 4, Vol. 1–3 (unpaged). John & James Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.79061 Reference page. : ed. 4: s.p.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Omphalodes in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 26. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Omphalodes. Published online. Accessed: Sep 26 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Omphalodes. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 26.
Catalogue of Life: 2020 Annual Checklist

Vernacular names
English: navelwort
suomi: Kaihonkukat
hornjoserbsce: Dopomnička
lietuvių: Poraitis
polski: Ułudka
русский: Пупочник
中文: 琉璃草属

Omphalodes (navelwort) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, widely distributed in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. In spring they produce blue or white flowers similar to forget-me-nots.[1]

Both the Greek Omphalodes (navel-like) and the English "navelwort" refer to the shape of the seeds.[2]

O. verna and cultivars of O. cappadocica are grown in gardens for their blue flowers which in spring appear above the leaves in loose sprays. They are woodland plants, preferring some shade.
Systematics

The genus Omphalodes traditionally contained many species that have been split-off in 2014 and 2016[3][4][5][6] The Japanese "Omphalodes" and "Omphalodes scorpioides" turned out not to be closely related to Omphalodes, and were separated as distinct genera, Nihon and Memoremea respectively.[3] Serrano et al. separated the Iberian annual species as Iberodes.[4] This left the remainder of species from Western Eurasia as sister to New World species, including the Chatham Islands (off the coast of New Zealand) endemic species Myosotidium hortensia. The clade of the New World species also included the Juan Fernández Islands (off the coast of Chile) endemic Selkirkia berteroi and three species formerly placed in Cynoglossum, which were then transferred to a more broadly circumscribed genus Selkirkia.[5] The majority of the North American "Omphalodes" species were then split-off as Mimophytum.[6]

Omphalodes in its strict sense comprises Western Eurasian perennial species with a creeping rhizome.[6]
References

RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1-4053-3296-4.
Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names. USA: Timber Press. pp. 312. ISBN 978-1-60469-196-2.
Otero, A.; Jiménez-Mejías, P.; Valcárcel, V.; Vargas, P. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and morphology support two new genera (Memoremea and Nihon) of Boraginaceae s.s." (PDF). Phytotaxa. 173 (4): 241–277. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.288.2.3.
Serrano, M.; Carbajal, R.; Pereira Coutinho, A.; Ortiz, S. (2016). "Two new genera in the Omphalodes group (Cynoglosseae, Boraginaceae)". Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía). 234: 1–14.
Holstein, N.; Chacón, J.; Hilger, H. H.; Weigend, M. (2016). "No longer shipwrecked—Selkirkia (Boraginaceae) back on the mainland with generic rearrangements in South American "Omphalodes" based on molecular data". Phytotaxa. 270 (4): 231–251. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.270.4.1.
Holstein, N.; Chacón, J.; Otero, A.; Jiménez-Mejías, P.; Weigend, M. (2016). "Towards a monophyletic Omphalodes—or an expansion of North American Mimophytum". Phytotaxa. 288 (2): 131–144. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.288.2.3.