Thaumatophyllum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Alismatales

Familia: Araceae
Subfamilia: Aroideae
Tribus: Philodendreae
Genus: Thaumatophyllum
Species: T. adamantinum – T. bipinnatifidum – T. brasiliense – T. corcovadense – T. dardanianum – T. leal-costae – T. lundii – T. mello-barretoanum – T. paludicola – T. petraeum – T. saxicola – T. solimoesense – T. speciosum – T. spruceanum – T. stenolobum – T. tweedieanum – T. uliginosum – T. undulatum – T. venezuelense – T. williamsii – T. xanadu
Name

Thaumatophyllum Schott, Bonplandia 7: 31. (1859)

Type species: Thaumatophyllum spruceanum Schott, Bonplandia 7: 31. (1859)

Synonyms

Homotypic
Meconostigma Schott in H.W.Schott & S.L.Endlicher, Melet. Bot.: 20 (1832)
Philodendron subg. Meconostigma (Schott) Engl., 1899.

Note: See Sakuragui et al. (2018) for a proposal to expand the genus.
References

Schott, H.W., 1859. Bonplandia (Hannover) 7: 31.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Thaumatophyllum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Nov. 06. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Thaumatophyllum. Published online. Accessed: Nov. 06 2018.
Sakuragui, C.M., Calazans, L.S.B., de Oliveira, L.L., de Morais, É.B., Benko-Iseppon, A.M., Vasconcelos, S., Schrago, C.E.G. & Mayo, S.J. 2018. Recognition of the genus Thaumatophyllum Schott− formerly Philodendron subg. Meconostigma (Araceae)− based on molecular and morphological evidence. PhytoKeys (98): 51-71. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.98.25044 Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2018. Thaumatophyllum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 06 Nov. 2018.

Thaumatophyllum (formerly Meconostigma) is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. Its species are native to northern (tropical) South America.[1]

Taxonomy

The genus Thaumatophyllum was erected by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in 1859,[3] with the sole species Thaumatophyllum spruceanum.[4] In 1962, G.M. Barroso transferred T. spruceanum to Philodendron. (However, the transfer was not made correctly and Barroso's name Philodendron spruceanum is illegitimate.) While in Philodendron, T. spruceanum was placed, along with other species, in subgenus Meconostigma.[5] A series of molecular phylogenetic studies, particularly from 2008 onwards, suggested that, when broadly circumscribed, Philodendron was not monophyletic. In 2018, it was proposed that subgenus Meconostigma should be raised to the rank of genus, under the name Thaumatophyllum.[2] The proposal has been accepted by Plants of the World Online,[1] among other taxonomic databases.

The generic epithet Thaumatophyllum comes from Ancient Greek θαυμα (thaûma, "miracle") + φύλλον (phúllon, "leaf").
Phylogeny

Relationships among the former subgenera of Philodendron and related genera are not yet fully resolved. Several studies that have produced a resolved tree suggest that relationships may be of the form:[2]
 
 

	Homalomena + Furtadoa       Adelonema       Thaumatophyllum       Philodendron subg. Pteromischum     Philodendron subg. Philodendron

 
 
 
Species

As of October 2020, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:

Thaumatophyllum adamantinum (Mart. ex Schott) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum (Schott ex Endl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum brasiliense (Engl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum corcovadense (Kunth) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum dardanianum (Mayo) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum leal-costae (Mayo & G.M.Barroso) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum lundii (Warm.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum mello-barretoanum (Burle-Marx ex G.M.Barroso) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum paludicola (E.G.Gonç. & Salviani) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum petraeum (Chodat & Vischer) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum saxicola (K.Krause) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum solimoesense (A.C.Sm.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum speciosum (Schott ex Endl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum spruceanum Schott
Thaumatophyllum stenolobum (E.G.Gonç.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum tweedieanum (Schott) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum uliginosum (Mayo) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum undulatum (Engl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum venezuelense (G.S.Bunting) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum williamsii (Hook.f.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
Thaumatophyllum xanadu (Croat, J.Boos & Mayo) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo

References

"Thaumatophyllum Schott", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2020-10-05
Sakuragui, Cassia Mônica; Calazans, Luana Silva Braucks; Oliveira, Leticia Loss de; Morais, Érica Barroso de; Benko-Iseppon, Ana Maria; Vasconcelos, Santelmo; Schrago, Carlos Eduardo Guerra & Mayo, Simon Joseph (2018), "Recognition of the genus Thaumatophyllum Schott − formerly Philodendron subg. Meconostigma (Araceae) − based on molecular and morphological evidence", PhytoKeys (98): 51–71, doi:10.3897/phytokeys.98.25044, PMC 5943393, PMID 29750071
"Thaumatophyllum Schott", The International Plant Names Index, retrieved 2020-10-06
Schott, H. (1859), "Aroideenskizzen", Bonplandia. Zeitschrift für die gesammte Botanik (in German and Latin), 7 (3): 26–31, p. 31
Mayo, S.J. (1991), "A revision of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma (Araceae)", Kew Bulletin, 46 (4): 601–668, doi:10.2307/4110410, JSTOR 4110410