Vachellia erioloba

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Caesalpinioideae
Tribus: Acacieae
Genus: Vachellia
Species: Vachellia erioloba
Name

Vachellia erioloba (E.Mey.) P.J.H.Hurter, Mabberley's Pl.-Book 1021. (2008)
Synonyms

Basionym
Acacia erioloba E. Mey. Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 1: 171. (1836)
Homotypic
Vachellia erioloba (E. Mey.) Seigler & Ebinger (2010) later isonym

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
Regional: Southern Africa
Angola, Botswana, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Free State, Namibia, Northern Provinces, Zambia, Zimbabwe

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Hurter, P.J.H. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, Their Classification and Uses 1021.

Additional references

Kyalangalilwa, B., Boatwright, J.S., Daru, B.H., Maurin, O. & Bank, M. 2013. Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172(4): 500–523. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12047 Open access Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Vachellia erioloba in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Aug 26. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Vachellia erioloba. Published online. Accessed: Aug 26 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Vachellia erioloba. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Aug 26.
Catalogue of Life: 2020 Annual Checklist
Vachellia erioloba – Taxon details on World Wide Wattle.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Vachellia erioloba in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Kameeldoring
Deutsch: Kameldorn
English: Camel thorn
eesti: Kaelkirjaku akaatsia
français: Acacia à girafe

Vachellia erioloba, the camel thorn, giraffe thorn, or Kameeldoring in Afrikaans, still more commonly known as Acacia erioloba, is a tree of southern Africa in the family Fabaceae.[2] Its preferred habitat is the deep dry sandy soils in parts of South Africa, Botswana, the western areas of Zimbabwe and Namibia. It is also native to Angola, south-west Mozambique, Zambia and Swaziland.[3] The tree was first described by Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer and Johann Franz Drège in 1836.[3] The camel thorn is a protected tree in South Africa.[4]

The tree can grow up to 20 metres high. It is slow-growing, very hardy to drought and fairly frost-resistant. The light-grey colored thorns reflect sunlight, and the bipinnate leaves close when it is hot.[5] The wood is dark reddish-brown in colour and extremely dense and strong. It is good for fires, which leads to widespread clearing of dead trees and the felling of healthy trees. It produces ear-shaped pods, favoured by many herbivores including cattle. The seeds can be roasted and used as a substitute for coffee beans.[6]

The name 'camel thorn' refers to the fact that giraffe (kameelperd in Afrikaans) commonly feed on the leaves with their specially-adapted tongue and lips that can avoid the thorns. The scientific name 'erioloba' means "wooly lobe", a reference to the ear-shaped pods.[7]

It is commonly seen and used as the metonym of the long running PBS wildlife program Nature, as the tree is commonly used in the title sequence and program logo.[8]
Gallery

Vachellia erioloba hosting a nest of sociable weavers (Philetairus socius).

Vachellia erioloba seeds, lying upon the ground, scattered among their pods, Sossusvlei, Namib Desert, Namibia

Bark of a tree near Potgietersrust in Limpopo, South Africa

The sharp thorns of the Mokala resemble barbed wire (growing near Potgietersrust in Limpopo, South Africa)

Vachellia erioloba tree in the Namib Desert

Vachellia erioloba, Kalahari desert

Vachellia erioloba - Museum specimen - MHNT

Blossoms of camel thorn tree

Camel thorn scattered on dunes in the Kalahari Desert in Namibia (2017)

References

Kyalangalilwa B, Boatwright JS, Daru BH, Maurin O, van der Bank M (2013). "Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia" (PDF). Bot J Linn Soc. 172 (4): 500–523. doi:10.1111/boj.12047.
The type specimen of Acacia giraffae, proved on closer examination to be a hybrid of V. haematoxylon and the species which would later become known as V. erioloba. The name V. erioloba was therefore proposed for the vast numbers of camel thorn which are not hybrids.
"Vachellia erioloba". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2015-08-12.
"Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
Ehrenbold, Samuel; Keding, Viktoria (2015). It is Time to Identify Selected Plants and Animals of the Namib (2nd ed.). Namib Desert Environment Education Trust (NaDEET). p. 8.
Mhloniswa Dlamini (2005). "Acacia erioloba". PlantZAfrica.com. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
Canada, Tony Hnilica-*AJH* Custom Knives & Services - Lytton, BC. "Hardwood information". ajh-knives.com. Retrieved 2017-08-03.
"Frequently Asked Questions | Nature | PBS". Nature. Retrieved 2019-05-28.