Wahlenbergia

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Orthokaryota
Cladus: Neokaryota
Cladus: Photokaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: CAM
Regnum*: Archaeplastida
Regnum: Plantae
Regnum*: Viridiplantae
Cladus: Streptophyta
Cladus: Phragmoplastophyta
Cladus: Embryophyta
Cladus: Polysporangiophyta
Divisio*: Tracheophyta
Cladus: Eutracheophyta
Cladus: Euphyllophytina
Cladus: Megaphylla
Cladus: Radiatopses
Cladus: Lignophyta
Cladus: Metalignophyta
Diviso*: Spermatophyta
Classis*: Angiospermae
Cladus: Mesangiospermae
Cladus: Eudicota
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Campanulaceae
Subfamilia: Campanuloideae
Genus: Wahlenbergia
Species: W. abyssinica – W. acaulis – W. acicularis – W. acuminata – W. adamsonii – W. adpressa – W. akaroa – W. albens – W. albicaulis – W. albomarginata – W. androsacea – W. angustifolia – W. annua – W. annularis – W. annuliformis – W. appressifolia – W. arcta – W. aridicola – W. asparagoides – W. asperifolia – W. axillaris – W. banksiana – W. bernardii – W. berteroi – W. bolusiana – W. bowkeriae – W. brachiata – W. brachycarpa – W. brachyphylla – W. brasiliensis – W. brehmeri – W. brevisquamifolia – W. buseriana – W. calcarea – W. calycina – W. campanuloides – W. candolleana – W. candollei – W. capensis – W. capillacea – W. capillaris – W. capillata – W. capillifolia – W. capitata – W. cartilaginea – W. caryophylloides – W. celata – W. cephalodina – W. ceracea – W. cerastioides – W. cernua – W. cinerea – W. clavata – W. collomioides – W. compacta – W. confusa – W. congesta – W. congestifolia – W. constricta – W. cooperi – W. cordata – W. costata – W. cuspidata – W. debilis – W. decipiens – W. densicaulis – W. densifolia – W. dentata – W. denticulata – W. denudata – W. depressa – W. desmantha – W. dichotoma – W. dieterlenii – W. dilatata – W. distincta – W. divergens – W. doleritica – W. dunantii – W. ecklonii – W. effusa – W. epacridea – W. erecta – W. ericoidella – W. erophiloides – W. exilis – W. fasciculata – W. fernandeziana – W. filipes – W. fistulosa – W. flexuosa – W. floribunda – W. fluminalis – W. fruticosa – W. galpiniae – W. glabra – W. glandulifera – W. globularis – W. gloriosa – W. gracilenta – W. gracilis – W. grahamiae – W. grandiflora – W. graniticola – W. hirsuta – W. hispidula – W. hookeri – W. humbertii – W. huttonii – W. ingrata – W. insulae-howei – W. intermedia – W. islensis – W. juncea – W. kowiensis – W. krebsii – W. larrainii – W. lasiocarpa – W. laxiflora – W. levynsiae – W. linarioides – W. linifolia – W. littoralis – W. littoricola – W. lobelioides – W. lobulata – W. longifolia – W. longisquamifolia – W. luteola – W. lycopodioides – W. macrostachys – W. madagascariensis – W. magaliesbergensis – W. malaissei – W. marginata – W. marunguensis – W. masafuerae – W. massonii – W. matthewsii – W. meyeri – W. microphylla – W. minuta – W. mollis – W. multicaulis – W. namaquana – W. nana – W. napiformis – W. neorigida – W. neostricta – W. nodosa – W. obovata – W. oligantha – W. oligotricha – W. oocarpa – W. orae – W. oxyphylla – W. pallidiflora – W. paludicola – W. paniculata – W. papuana – W. parvifolia – W. patula – W. paucidentata – W. pauciflora – W. peduncularis – W. perrieri – W. perrottetii – W. persimilis – W. peruviana – W. petraea – W. pilosa – W. pinifolia – W. pinnata – W. planiflora – W. polyantha – W. polycephala – W. polyclada – W. polyphylla – W. polytrichifolia – W. preissii – W. procumbens – W. prostrata – W. psammophila – W. pseudoandrosacea – W. pseudoinhambanensis – W. pseudonudicaulis – W. pulchella – W. pulvillus-gigantis – W. pusilla – W. pygmaea – W. pyrophila – W. quadrifida – W. queenslandica – W. ramifera – W. ramosa – W. ramosissima – W. ramulosa – W. rara – W. rhytidosperma – W. riversdalensis – W. rivularis – W. roelliflora – W. roxburghii – W. rubens – W. rubioides – W. rupestris – W. rupicola – W. saxicola – W. schistacea – W. schlechteri – W. schwackeana – W. scopella – W. scopulicola – W. scottii – W. serpentina – W. sessiliflora – W. silenoides – W. sonderi – W. songeana – W. sphaerica – W. squamifolia – W. squarrosa – W. stellarioides – W. stricta – W. subaphylla – W. subfusiformis – W. subpilosa – W. subrosulata – W. subtilis – W. subulata – W. subumbellata – W. telfordii – W. tenella – W. tenerrima – W. tenuiloba – W. tenuis – W. tetramera – W. thulinii – W. thunbergiana – W. thunbergii – W. tibestica – W. tomentosula – W. tortilis – W. transvaalensis – W. tsaratananae – W. tuberosa – W. tumida – W. tumidifructa – W. umbellata – W. undulata – W. unidentata – W. upembensis – W. urcosensis – W. verbascoides – W. vernicosa – W. victoriensis – W. violacea – W. virgata – W. virgulta – W. welwitschii – W. wittei – W. wyleyana
Name

Wahlenbergia Schrad. ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp.: 399 (1821), nom. cons.

Type species: Wahlenbergia capensis (L.) A.DC., Monogr. Campan.: 136 (1830)

Synonyms

Homotypic
Valvinterlobus Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 459 (1867)
Heterotypic
Ireon Scop., Intr. Hist. Nat.: 229 (1777), nom. illeg.
Lightfootia L'Hér., Sert. Angl.: t. 4 (1790), nom. illeg.
Cervicina Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat.: 150 (1813)
Schultesia Roth, Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 690 (1827), nom. illeg.
Campanuloides A.DC., Monogr. Campan.: 107 (1830)
Cephalostigma A.DC., Monogr. Campan.: 117 (1830)
Hecale Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 79 (1837)
Petalostima Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 79 (1837)
Campanulopsis Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 1: 484 (1844)
Streleskia Hook.f., London J. Bot. 6: 266 (1847)
Aikinia Salisb. ex Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 112 (1869), nom. illeg.
Campanopsis (R.Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 378 (1891)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Southwestern Europe
Sardegna, Spain,
Southeastern Europe
Italy, Sicilia,
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia,
Macaronesia
Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira, Selvagens,
West Tropical Africa
Benin, Burkina, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierre Leone, Togo,
West-Central Tropical Africa
Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Rwanda, Zaïre,
Northeast Tropical Africa
Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda,
East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda,
South Tropical Africa
Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
Southern Africa
Botswana, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Lesotho, Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Swaziland, Northern Provinces,
Middle Atlantic Ocean
Ascension, St. Helena,
Western Indian Ocean
Comoros, Madagascar,
Asia-Temperate
Arabian Peninsula
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen,
China
China South-Central, China Southeast,
Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea, Kazan-retto, Nansei-shoto, Ogasawara-shoto, Taiwan,
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya,
Indo-China
Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam,
Malesia
Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera,
Papuasia
New Guinea,
Australasia
Australia
Norfolk Islands, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia,
New Zealand
Chatham Islands, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand North, New Zealand South,
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
New Caledonia, Tonga,
North-Central Pacific
Hawaii,
Northern America
South-Central U.S.A.
Texas,
Southeastern U.S.A.
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Southern America
Northern South America
French Guiana,
Western South America
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Brazil
Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil South,
Southern South America
Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile South, Juan Fernández Islands, Paraguay, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Schrader, H.A. 1821. Novae Plantarum Species 399.
Eddie, W.M.M. & Cupido, C.N. 2014. Hesperocodon, a new generic name for Wahlenbergia hederacea (Campanulaceae): phylogeny and capsule dehiscence. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 71(1): 63–74. DOI: 10.1017/S0960428613000310 ResearchGate Reference page.
Lammers, T.G. 2007. World checklist and bibliography of Campanulaceae: 1–675. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Prebble, J.M., Cupido, C.N., Meudt, H.M. & Garnock-Jones, P.J. 2011. First phylogenetic and biogeographical study of the southern bluebells (Wahlenbergia, Campanulaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59 (3): 636–648. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.013
Prebble, J.M.; Meudt, H.M.; Garnock-Jones, P.J. 2012: An expanded molecular phylogeny of the southern bluebells (Wahlenbergia, Campanulaceae) from Australia and New Zealand. Australian systematic botany 25(1): 11–30. DOI: 10.1071/SB11023 Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Wahlenbergia in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 July 15. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2014. Wahlenbergia. Published online. Accessed: July 15 2014.
Tropicos.org 2014. Wahlenbergia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 July 15.

Vernacular names
English: Ivy-leaved Bellflower
suomi: Sulokellot
français: Wahlenbergie
Nederlands: klimopklokje
русский: Валенбергия

Wahlenbergia undulata

Wahlenbergia is a genus of around 260 species of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae. Plants in this genus are perennial or annual herbs with simple leaves and blue to purple bell-shaped flowers, usually with five petals lobes. Species of Wahlenbergia are native to environments on all continents except North America, and on some isolated islands, but the greatest diversity occurs in the Southern Hemisphere.
Description

Plants in the genus Wahlenbergia are annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs, and sometimes have rhizomes. The stems are erect, circular in cross section and have simple leaves. The leaves decrease in size up the stem and usually have small scattered teeth on their edges. The flowers are borne on the end of the stems, either singly or arranged in a cyme. There are five sepals that remain until the fruiting stage. The petals are blue to purple and are joined at their base to form a bell-shaped or funnel-shaped tube with five lobes. There are usually five stamens, the style is often branched at the tip and the fruit is a capsule containing up to fifty seeds.[3][4][5]
Taxonomy and naming

In 1814, Heinrich Schrader used the name Wahlenbergia elongata but the name was a nomen nudum. The genus was first formally described in 1821 by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth and the description was published in Roth's book Novae Plantarum Species praesertim Indiae Orientalis. Roth retained Schrader's name Wahlenbergia.[1][6][7] The name honours Göran Wahlenberg (a Swedish botanist who taught at Uppsala University).[8]
Distribution

The genus is widespread and species of Wahlenbergia are native to all continents except North America. The highest species diversity is in southern temperate countries, particularly Africa and Australasia and species are even found on oceanic islands. Four species are known from the island of Saint Helena, including the now extinct species W. roxburghii.[9]