Metopiinae

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Ichneumonoidea

Familia: Ichneumonidae
Subfamilia: Metopiinae
Genera (30): Acerataspis – Bothromus – Bremiella – Carria – Chorinaeus – Colpotrochia – Cubus – Drepanoctonus – Exochus – Forrestopius – Hemimetopius – Hypsicera – Ischyrocnemis – Lapton – Leurus – Macromalon – Metopius – Ojuelos – Periope – Pseudometopius – Sciron – Scolomus – Seticornuta – Spudaeus – Stethoncus – Synosis – Triclistus – Trieces – †Metopiosa – †Palaeometopius
Name

Metopiinae Förster, 1869
References

Berry, J.A. 1990: The New Zealand species of the subfamily Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). New Zealand journal of zoology, 17: 607–614. BUGZ
Broad, G.; Shaw, M. 2005: The species of four genera of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, with new host records and descriptions of four new species. Journal of natural history, 39: 2389–2407.
Gauld, I.D.; Sithole, R. 2002: Subfamily Metopiinae - Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, part 4. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute
Gauld, I.D.; Wahl, D.B. 2006: The relationship and taxonomic position of the genera Apolophus and Scolomus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Zootaxa, 1130: 35–41. Abstract & excerpt
Jonaitis, V. 2000: Fauna of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in Lithuania. Acta zoologica Lituanica, 10(3): 3–19. [1]
Khalaim, A.I. 2008: Fossil ichneumon wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Biamo (Russia), Oligocene. Alavesia, 2: 101–112. PDF PDF
Kusigemati, K. 1987: Some Ephialtinae, Banchinae, Porizontinae, Mesochorinae, Metopiinae and Acaenitinae of Formosa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Memoirs of the Kagoshima University Research Center for the South Pacific, 8(1): 21–33.
Menier, J.-J.; Nel, A.; Waller, A.; De Ploëg, G. 2004: A new fossil ichneumon wasp from the Lowermost Eocene amber of Paris Basin (France), with a checklist of fossil Ichneumonoidea s.l. (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae). Geologica acta, 2: 83–94. PDF
Tolkanitz, V.I. 2006: Two new Palaearctic species of the subfamily Metopiinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Vestnik Zoologii, 40(3): 279–281, 288. [2]
Tolkanitz, V.I., 2009: Ichneumon flies of the genus Trieces (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae) from Peru. Entomological Review 89 (5): 613–614. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873809050091. Abstract: [3].

The Metopiinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.[1] Metopiinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera. There are 26 extant genera. A bulging shield-like face is diagnostic for members of this subfamily, but many members lack this character.

Description

Most Metopiines are medium to large ichneumonids. They have a bulging face and with no groove between the face and clypeus. In most genera the upper portion of the face forms a triangular process that extends between the antennae.[2] Many have stout, robust legs and generally have short ovipositors. Larger species may mimic aculeate wasps in coloration and by producing buzzing noises when captured.[3]
Biology

Metopiines oviposit into the larval stage of their host and emerge fully developed from the host pupae. Many metopiines attack leaf rolling caterpillars. The wasp's stout legs and smooth face may be used to help females push their way into the leaf roll so they may reach the host with their short ovipositor. Adult females may bite hosts in order to feed on their hemolymph.[3]
List of genera

Acerataspis
Bothromus
Carria
Chorinaeus
Colpotrochia
Cubus
Drepanoctonus
Exochus
Forrestopius
Hemimetopius
Hypsicera
Ischryocnemis
Lapton
Leurus
Macromalon
Metopius
Periope
Pseudometopius
Sciron
Scolomus (=Apolophus)
Seticornuta
Spudeaus
Stethoncus
Synosis
Trieces
Triclistus

References

Townes, H.K. (1971) Genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 4 (Cremastinae, Phrudinae, Tersilochinae, Ophioninae, Mesochorinae, Metopiinae, Anomalinae, Acaenitinae, Microleptinae, Orthopelmatinae, Collyriinae, Orthocentrinae, Diplazontinae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 17: 1-372.
Townes, Henry (1971). The Genera of Ichneumonidae Part 4. The American Entomological Institute. p. 89. ISBN 1-887988-00-9.

J., Quicke, Donald L. (2014). The Braconid and Ichneumonid parasitoid wasps : biology, systematics, evolution and ecology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 9781118907054. OCLC 903906295.

External links

Waspweb
Diagnostic characters