Pastor roseus
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Muscicapoidea
Familia: Sturnidae
Genus: Pastor
Species: Pastor roseus
Name
Pastor roseus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonymy
Turdus roseus (protonym)
Sturnus roseus
References
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 170. Reference page.
Vernacular names
العربية: زرزور وردي
башҡортса: Алтынғош
български: Розов скорец
brezhoneg: Dred roz
čeština: Špaček růžový
Deutsch: Rosenstar
English: Rosy Starling
Esperanto: Pastoro
español: Estornino rosado
eesti: Roosa-kuldnokk
suomi: Punakottarainen
føroyskt: Brandstari
français: Étourneau roselin
magyar: Pásztormadár
հայերեն: Սարյակ վարդագույն
italiano: Storno roseo
日本語: バライロムクドリ
ქართული: ტარბი
kurdî: Zerzûl
lietuvių: Rožinis varnėnas
македонски: Розов сколовранец
монгол: Ягаан тодол
मराठी: पळस मैना
မြန်မာဘာသာ: ပန်းရောင်စတာလင်ဆက်ရက်
Nederlands: Roze spreeuw
norsk: Rosenstær
polski: Pasterz różowy
português: Estorninho-rosado
русский: Розовый скворец
svenska: Rosenstare
Türkçe: Ala sığırcık
удмурт: Льӧль юбер
українська: Шпак рожевий
Tiếng Việt: Sáo hồng
中文: 粉红椋鸟
The rosy starling (Pastor roseus) is a passerine bird in the starling family, Sturnidae, also known as the rose-coloured starling or rose-coloured pastor.[2] The species was recently placed in its own monotypic genus, Pastor, and split from Sturnus. This split is supported by recent studies, though other related species within its new genus are not yet known for certain.[3]
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus name Pastor, and the old English name come from the Latin pastor, "shepherd",[4] and by extension a pastor.[5] The specific roseus is Latin for "rose-coloured".[4]
Formerly, some authorities also considered the maroon oriole to be a species within the genus Pastor.[6]
Description
Summer plumages:
Adult male (center). female (below), and juvenile (behind)
The adult rosy starling is highly distinctive, with its pink body, pale orange legs and bill, and glossy black head, wings and tail. Males in the breeding season have elongated head feathers which form a wispy crest that is fluffed and more prominent when the bird gets excited. In winter, the crest is shorter, and the edges of black feathers within the plumage become paler as the edges of these feather erode. Winter plumage in males is comparatively dull.
Females in contrast have a short crest and lack the sharp separation between pink and black.
The juvenile birds can be distinguished from common starling (Sturnus vulgaris) by its obviously paler plumage and short yellow bill. Young birds moult into a subdued version of the adult plumage in autumn, yet these lack the crest. They do not acquire their adult plumage until they are nearly one year old in females, and nearly two years in males. The latter grow plumage very similar to adult females in their second year, but are distinguished by longer crests and noticeably pale feather edges than female juvenile birds.
Distribution and habitat
Rosy starling flock (Armenia)
The breeding range of this bird is in steppes, semi-deserts and deserts of Central Asia and Southeast Europe. It can be found from northwestern Mongolia via Dzungarei, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan to southern Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Armenia . Its southern range extends to the north of Afghanistan and Iran . Irregular and rare broods are also observed outside of this area (Romania) [1] It is a strong migrant, and winters in India and tropical Asia. In India in winter, it often appears to outnumber the local starlings and mynas. The rosy starling is a bird of steppe and open agricultural land. In years when grasshoppers and other insects are abundant, it will erupt well beyond its core range, with significant numbers reaching France, the United Kingdom and Ireland. The starling is a summer visitor for northwestern Afghanistan, passage migrants in the rest of the Afghanistan and a regular winter visitor in India.
Rosy Starling India
Rosy Starling in Pune.
Behaviour and ecology
Rosy starlings (Pastor Roseus) are highly gregarious birds, and often form large, noisy flocks, which can on occasion be a pest for growers of cereal crops or orchards; the birds are strongly attracted to flowering trees. However, they are also greatly beneficial to farmers because they prey on pests such as locusts and grasshoppers, thereby limiting their numbers. The birds breed in tight colonies in a very short breeding season timed to take advantage of peak abundance of grasshoppers between months of May to June.[7]
In Hyderabad, India
Eggs
Gathering in the evening before roosting in Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Rosy Starling (Sturnus roseus) near Hyderabad
Breeding
The rosy starling is a colonial breeder, and like other starlings, is highly gregarious, forming large winter flocks. It also shares other species' omnivorous diet, although it prefers insects. The song is a typical starling mixture of squeaks and rattles, given with much wing trembling. In Xinjiang, China, farmers used to use insecticide to eliminate locust, which is costly and polluting. In the 1980s, experts found that rosy starlings which fly to Xinjiang farms and feed on locusts could be used for control instead. The experts begin to build artificial nests to attract rosy starlings, an effort reported to be so successful that the number of locusts was insufficient to feed the birds, causing many juveniles die for hunger. By the 2000s many Xinjiang farms greatly decreased the usage of insecticide.[7] [8]
Food and feeding
Chiefly fruits, berries, flower-nectar, cereal grains and insects. Specific observations of preferred food types made on the feeding habits of rosy starling are listed as: Fruits and berries: Ficus (many species), Lantana spp., Zizyphus oenoplia, Bridelia hamistoniana, Streblus asper, grapes, mulberries (Morus), dates, Salvadora persica, Capparis aphylla and chillies. Flower-nectar: Salmalia persica, Bombax insigne, Erythrina indica and Erythrina suberosa, Butea monosperma, Careya arborea. Cereal grains: Jowar and bajra. Insects: largely locusts and grasshoppers, beetles of the families Lucanidae, Elateridae, Tenebrionidae, Buprestidae, Scarabaeidae and Curculionidae.[9]
Female Rosy starling
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Pastor roseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22710881A87844468. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22710881A87844468.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Pastor" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
Jønsson, Knud A. & Fjeldså, Jon (2006): A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). Zool. Scripta 35(2): 149–186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 294, 337. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
"Pastor". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
"Oriolus traillii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Anderton, John C. (2005). Birds of South Asia The Ripley Guide (First ed.). Washington DC: NMNH, Lynx Edicions. pp. 582–583. ISBN 84-87334-66-0.
CCTV誰殺死了粉紅椋鳥
Ali, Salim; Ripley, S Dillon (1987). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan (second ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 163–166. ISBN 978-0-19-565938-2.
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