Lumnitzera

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Myrtales

Familia: Combretaceae
Subfamilia: Combretoideae
Tribus: Laguncularieae
Genus: Lumnitzera
Species: L. littorea – L. racemosa
Nothospecies: L. × rosea
⧼Source(s) of checklist⧽:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Lumnitzera in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Nov 21. Reference page.

Name

Lumnitzera Willd., Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 186. 1803.

Type species: Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Bruguiera Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madagasc.: 21. 1806, non Bruguiera Savigny (Rhizophoraceae)
Funckia Dennst., Schlüssel Hortus Malab.: 32. 1818, non Funckia Dumort., Anal. Fam. 60. (1829), nom. illeg. vide Hosta Tratt., Arch. Gewächsk. Leopold Trattinick 1: 55 (1812), nom. cons. (Asparagaceae)
Petaloma Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 2: 372. 1832.
Pokornya Montrouz., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., sér. 2, 10: 201. 1860.
Problastes Reinw., Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 10. 1828.
Pyrrhanthus Jack, Malayan Misc. 2(7): 57. 1822.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Africa
East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania
Southern Africa
KwaZulu-Natal
South Tropical Africa
Mozambique
Western Indian Ocean
Aldabra, Chagos Archipelago, Madagascar, Seychelles
Asia-Temperate
China
China Southeast, Hainan
Eastern Asia
Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Bangladesh, India, Maldives
Indo-China
Andaman Is., Cambodia, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera
Papuasia
New Guinea, Solomon Is.
Pacific
Northwestern Pacific
Caroline Is., Marianas
Southwestern Pacific
Fiji, Gilbert Is., New Caledonia, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Willdenow, C.L.v., 1803. Der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, neue Schriften 4: 186–187. 1803.

Links

Hassler, M. 2019. Lumnitzera. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 October 26. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Lumnitzera in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 October 26. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Lumnitzera. Published online. Accessed: October 26 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Lumnitzera. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 October 26.

Lumnitzera is an Indo-West Pacific mangrove genus in the family Combretaceae. An English common name is black mangrove.[3] (However, "black mangrove" may also refer to the unrelated genus Avicennia.) Lumnitzera, named after the German botanist, Stephan Lumnitzer (1750-1806), occurs in mangroves from East Africa to the Western Pacific (including Fiji and Tonga), and northern Australia.[1]
Lumnitzera littorea, Tonga
Lumnitzera racemosa,, Indonesia

The genus has two species of similar vegetative appearance but with differing flower colour. Lumnitzera littorea has red flowers whereas Lumnitzera racemosa has white flowers. Both species have flat and spoon-shaped (spathulate) leaves with emarginate tips. L. racemosa dominates in the western part of the range and L. littorea dominates in the east. Hybrids occur within the zone of overlap (Lumnitzera × rosea).[1]

Three genera of the tropical woody family Combretaceae, Laguncularia, Conocarpus, and Lumnitzera, are found in mangroves but Lumnitzera is the only one to occur in the Indo-West Pacific mangroves, including Australia.[1]

Lumnitzera racemosa var. racemosa (Tonga mangrove, Afrikaans: Tonga-wortelboom, Zulu: Isikhaha-esibomvu) is a protected tree in South Africa.[4]
List of species[2]

Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt
Lumnitzera pedicellata C.Presl
Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.
Lumnitzera × rosea C.Presl

There have been a number of taxa that possessed the Lumnitzera genus that are now unplaced or assigned to other taxa:

Lumnitzera caesia Spreng., unplaced[5]
Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng., synonym of Platostoma hispidum (L.) A.J.Paton[6]
Lumnitzera carnosa Spreng., synonym of Ocimum carnosum (Spreng.) Link & Otto ex Benth.[7]
Lumnitzera coccinea Wight & Arn., synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt[8]
Lumnitzera densiflora (Roth) Spreng., synonym of Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd[9]
Lumnitzera fastigiata (Roth) Spreng., synonym of Salvia plebeia R.Br.[10]
Lumnitzera lutea C.Presl, synonym of Lumnitzera racemosa var. lutea (Gaudich.) Exell[11]
Lumnitzera montana F.Muell., synonym of Macropteranthes montana (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.[12]
Lumnitzera moschata (R.Br.) Spreng., synonym of Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench[13]
Lumnitzera pentandra Griff., synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt[14]
Lumnitzera polystachyon (L.) J.Jacq. ex Spreng., synonym of Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench[15]
Lumnitzera prostrata (L.) Spreng., synonym of Platostoma menthoides (L.) A.J.Paton[16]
Lumnitzera purpurea (Gaudich.) C. Presl, synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt[17]
Lumnitzera rubicunda (D.Don) Spreng., synonym of Orthosiphon rubicundus (D.Don) Benth.[18]
Lumnitzera salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng., synonym of Plectranthus salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Benth.[19]
Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng., synonym of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.[20]
Lumnitzera virgata (D.Don) Spreng., synonym of Orthosiphon rubicundus var. rubicundus[21]

References

"Lumnitzera". University of Queensland. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
"Lumnitzera Willd". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
"Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010.
"Lumnitzera caesia Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera carnosa Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera coccinea Wight & Arn". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera densiflora (Roth) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera fastigiata (Roth) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera lutea C.Presl". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera montana F.Muell". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera moschata (R.Br.) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera pentandra Griff". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera polystachyon (L.) J.Jacq. ex Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera prostrata (L.) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera purpurea C.Presl". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera rubicunda (D.Don) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Lumnitzera virgata (D.Don) Spreng". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 January 2021.