Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Subordo: Archaeobatrachia
Familia: Bombinatoridae
Genera (2): Barbourula - Bombina – †Eobarbourula
Name
Bombinatoridae Gray, 1825
Type genus: Bombinator Merrem, 1820 [=Bombina Oken, 1816]
Synonyms
Bombinatorina Gray, 1825
Bombinatoroidea — Fitzinger, 1826
Bombinatoridae — Gray, 1831
Bombinatores — Tschudi, 1838
Bombitatores Fitzinger, 1843
Bombinatorida — Bayer, 1885
Bombininae Fejérváry, 1922
Bombinidae — Tamarunov, 1964
Bombinatorinae — Dubois, 1983
Bombinatoridae — Ford and Cannatella, 1993
Bombinatoroidia — Dubois, 2005
Bombinatoroidea — Dubois, 2005
References
Gray, 1825, Ann. Philos., Ser. 2, 10: 214.
Ford and Cannatella, 1993, Herpetol. Monogr., 7: 94–117.
Amphibian Species of the World 5.1 Bombinatoridae access date 12 July 2008
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Unken und Barbourfrösche
English: Firebelly Toads
日本語: スズガエル科
한국어: 무당개구리과
Bombinatoridae is a family of toads found in Eurasia. Species of the family have flattened bodies and some are highly toxic.
Taxonomy and systematics
Fossil specimens of the genus Bombina are known from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene. The earliest fossil specimens are Eobarbourula from the Eocene of India, and Hatzegobatrachus from Late Cretaceous of Hateg island, Romania. The genus Barbourula was considered to be situated intermediate between Discoglossus and Bombina, but closer to the latter, so was added to the Bombinatoridae when that family was split from the Discoglossidae.
Genera
Currently, there are two extant and at least two extinct genera recognised in the family Bombinatoridae:[1]
| Image | Genus | Species |
|---|---|---|
 |
Barbourula (Taylor and Noble, 1924) - jungle toads |
|
 |
Bombina (Oken, 1816) - firebelly toads |
|
Extinct Genera
†Eobarbourula (Folie et al., 2012)
†Hatzegobatrachus (Venczel & Csiki, 2003)
Description
Bombina species are warty, aquatic toads about 7 cm (2.8 in) in length, and most noted for their bright bellies. They often display the unken reflex when disturbed; the animal will arch its back and limbs to expose the bright belly, and may turn over on its back. This acts as a warning to predators.[2] The vocal behavior of some Bombina species are unusual in that the call is produced during inhalation rather than exhalation as in other frogs. They lay pigmented eggs in ponds.
Distribution and habitat
Species of the genus Barbourula occur in the Philippine Islands and Borneo, while species of the genus Bombina are found throughout Eurasia. They are slightly less colored than Bombina spp., and possess webbed fingers in addition to webbed toes. Characteristics of tadpoles of Barbourula spp. are unknown.
References
Bombinatoridae at the American Museum of Natural History's Amphibian Species of the World website
Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 85–86. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
San Mauro, Diego; Mario Garcia-Paris; Rafael Zardoya (December 2004). "Phylogenetic relationships of discoglossid frogs (Amphibia:Anura:Discoglossidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes". Gene. 343 (2): 357–66. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.001. PMID 15588590.
San Mauro, Diego; Miguel Vences; Marina Alcobendas; Rafael Zardoya; Axel Meyer (May 2005). "Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea" (PDF). American Naturalist. 165 (5): 590–9. doi:10.1086/429523. PMID 15795855. S2CID 17021360.
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