Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Orthokaryota
Cladus: Neokaryota
Cladus: Scotokaryota
Cladus: Podiata
Cladus: Amorphea
Cladus: Obazoa
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Cladus: Filozoa
Cladus: Choanozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Superfamilia: Brachycephaloidea
Familia: Brachycephalidae
Genera (2): Brachycephalus - Ischnocnema
Name
Brachycephalidae Günther, 1858
Type genus: Brachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826.
Synonymy
Brachycephalina Günther, 1858: 321
Brachycephalidae — Günther, 1858: 347
Brachycephalinae — Noble, 1931: 507
References
Primary references
Günther, A. 1858. Neue Batrachier in der Sammlung des Britischen Museums. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 24(1): 316–328. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P.E., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370. DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2 Paywall; hdl: 2246/5781 Open access. Reference page.
Hedges, S.B., Duellman, W.E. & Heinicke, M.P. 2008. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737(1): 1–182. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Padial, J.M.; Grant, T.; Frost, D.R. 2014. Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria. Zootaxa 3825(1): 1–132. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1 Reference page.
Padial, J.M., Grant, T. & Frost, D.R. 2014. JOSÉ M. PADIAL, TARAN GRANT & DARREL R. FROST (2014) Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria. Zootaxa 3825(1): 1–132. Zootaxa 3827(4): 599–600. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.10 Reference page.
Vernacular names
日本語: コガネガエル科
The Brachycephalidae (/ˌbrækɪsɪˈfælɪdi/) are a family of frogs confined to eastern and southern Brazil and northern Argentina.[1] The family is composed of two externally quite different genera: the tiny, often (but not always) colourful and plump saddleback toads (Brachycephalus) from Brazil, and the larger, slimmer and more drab genus Ischnocnema from both Brazil and Argentina. The family is mainly defined by molecular characteristics, and are linked by few anatomical features.[2] It was erected from two genera of the previously large family Eleutherodactylidae, which is now split into four families.[3]
The Brachycephalidae all have direct development and hatch like miniature adults rather than as tadpoles like most frogs. The members of the genus Brachycephalus are all very diminutive animals, with many species under 1 cm (0.4 in) in snout–to–vent length.[4]
References
Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Brachycephalidae Günther, 1858". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
"Brachycephalidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1.
Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 103. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
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