Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Bufonidae
Genus: Melanophryniscus
Species (31): M. admirabilis – M. alipioi – M. atroluteus – M. biancae – M. cambaraensis – M. cupreuscapularis – M. devincenzii – M. diabolicus – M. estebani – M. formosus – M. fulvoguttatus – M. klappenbachi – M. krauczuki – M. langonei – M. macrogranulosus – M. milanoi – M. montevidensis – M. moreirae – M. nigricans – M. pachyrhynus – M. paraguayensis – M. peritus – M. rubriventris – M. sanmartini – M. setiba – M. simplex – M. spectabilis – M. stelzneri – M. tumifrons – M. vilavelhensis – M. xanthostomus
Name
Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961: 72
Type species: Phryniscus stelzneri Weyenbergh, 1875, by monotypy.
References
Primary references
Gallardo, J.M. 1961. Nuevo género de Brachycephalidae (Amphibia Anura). Neotropica 7: 71–72.
Additional references
Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C.A.G. 2002. Taxonomic status of Atelopus pachyrhynus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, redescription of Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger, 1905), and descriptions of two new species of Melanophryniscus from the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional 60(4): 303–314. Reference page.
Cruz, C.A.G. & Caramaschi, U. 2003. Taxonomic status of Melanophryniscus stelzneri dorsalis (Mertens, 1933) and Melanophryniscus stelzneri fulvoguttatus (Mertens, 1937) (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Série, Zoologia 500: 1–11. Reference page.
Céspedez, J.A. & Motte, M. 2007. Una nueva especie de Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 de Paraguay (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Facena 23: 31–42. Reference page.
Céspedez, J.A. 2008. Una nueva especie de Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 de Argentina (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Facena 24: 35–48. DOI: 10.30972/fac.2405497 Open access Reference page.
Langone, J.A., Segalla, M.V., Bornschein, M.R. & de Sá, R.O. 2008. A new reproductive mode in the genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae) with description of a new species from the state of Paraná, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 3(1): 1–9. DOI: 10.2994/1808-9798(2008)3[1:ANRMIT]2.0.CO;2 Reference page.
Maneyro, R., Naya, D.E. & Baldo, D. 2008. A new species of Melanophryniscus (Anura, Bufonidae) from Uruguay. Iheringia Séries Zoologia 98(2): 189–192. DOI: 10.1590/S0073-47212008000200003 Open access Reference page.
Steinbach-Padilha, G.C. 2008. A new species of Melanophryniscus (Anura, Bufonidae) from the Campos Gerais region of Southern Brazil. Phyllomedusa 7(2): 99–108. DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v7i2p99-108 Open access Reference page.
Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C.A.G. 2011. A new, possibly threatened species of Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Série, Zoologia 528: 1–9. Reference page.
Peloso, P.L.V., Faivovich, J., Grant, T., Gasparini, J.L. & Haddad, C.F.B. 2012. An extraordinary new species of Melanophryniscus (Anura, Bufonidae) from southeastern Brazil. American Museum Novitates 3762: 1–31. hdl: 2246/6394 Open access Reference page.
Bornschein, M.R., Firkowski, C.R., Baldo, D., Ribeiro, L.F., Belmonte-Lopes, R., Corrêa, L., Morato, S.A.A. & Pie, M.R. 2015. Three new species of phytotelm-breeding Melanophryniscus from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Brazil (Anura: Bufonidae). PLoS One 10(12): e0142791. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142791 Open access Reference page.
Langone, J.A. & Lavilla, E.O. 2024. Una revisión histórica de los nombres aplicados a las especies del género Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 13(209): 1–139. Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: South American Redbelly Toads
Melanophryniscus is a genus of toads in the family Bufonidae.[1][2] They are found in northern half of Argentina, southern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Common name South American redbelly toads has been coined for them.[1]
Species
There are 31 recognized species:[1]
Melanophryniscus admirabilis Di-Bernardo, Maneyro, and Grillo, 2006
Melanophryniscus alipioi Langone, Segalla, Bornschein, and de Sá, 2008
Melanophryniscus atroluteus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)
Melanophryniscus biancae Bornschein, Baldo. Pie, Firkowski. Ribeiro, and Corrêa, 2015
Melanophryniscus cambaraensis Braun and Braun, 1979
Melanophryniscus cupreuscapularis Céspedez and Alvarez, 2000
Melanophryniscus devincenzii Klappenbach, 1968
Melanophryniscus diabolicus (Martinez Aguirre et al., 2021)
Melanophryniscus dorsalis (Mertens, 1933)
Melanophryniscus estebani Céspedez, 2008
Melanophryniscus fulvoguttatus (Mertens, 1937)
Melanophryniscus klappenbachi Prigioni and Langone, 2000
Melanophryniscus krauczuki Baldo and Basso, 2004
Melanophryniscus langonei Maneyro, Naya, and Baldo, 2008
Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus Braun, 1973
Melanophryniscus milanoi Baldo, Bornschein, Pie, Firkowski, Ribeiro, and Belmonte-Lopes, 2015
Melanophryniscus montevidensis (Philippi, 1902)
Melanophryniscus moreirae (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)
Melanophryniscus nigricans (Martinez Aguirre et al., 2021)
Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)
Melanophryniscus paraguayensis Céspedez and Motte, 2007
Melanophryniscus peritus Caramaschi and Cruz, 2011
Melanophryniscus rubriventris (Vellard, 1947)
Melanophryniscus sanmartini Klappenbach, 1968
Melanophryniscus setiba Peloso, Faivovich, Grant, Gasparini, and Haddad, 2012
Melanophryniscus simplex Caramaschi and Cruz, 2002
Melanophryniscus spectabilis Caramaschi and Cruz, 2002
Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Weyenbergh, 1875)
Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger, 1905)
Melanophryniscus vilavelhensis Steinbach-Padilha, 2008
Melanophryniscus xanthostomus Baldo, Bornschein, Pie, Ribeiro, Firkowski, and Morato, 2015
The AmphibiaWeb also recognizes Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai,[2] which the Amphibian Species of the World treats as synonym of Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus.[3]
References
Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
"Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
