Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Sauropsida
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Cladus: Diapsida
Cladus: Neodiapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Cladus: Archelosauria
Cladus: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crocopoda
Cladus: Archosauriformes
Cladus: Eucrocopoda
Cladus: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Cladus: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Subclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Cladus: Neornithes
Infraclassis: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Corvida
Classis: Reptilia
Subclassis: Aves
Infraclassis: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Corvida
Superfamiliae: Corvoidea – Malaconotoidea – Meliphagoidea - Menuroidea – Orioloidea
Name
Corvida Wagler, 1830
References
Primary references
Wagler, J.G. 1830. Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugetiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung: München, Stuttgart, & Tübingen. 354 pp. BHL Reference page. p. 82 "Corvi"
Additional references
Oliveros, C.H., Field, D.J., Ksepka, D.T., Barker, F.K., Aleixo, A., Andersen, M.J., Alström, P., Benz, B.W., Braun, E.L., Braun, M.J., Bravo, G.A., Brumfield, R.T., Chesser, R.T., Claramunt, S., Cracraft, J., Cuervo, A.M., Derryberry, E.P., Glenn, T.C., Harvey, M.G., Hosner, P.A., Joseph, L., Kimball, R.T., Mack, A.L., Miskelly, C.M., Peterson A.T., Robbins, M.B., Sheldon, F.H., Silveira, L.F., Smith, B.T., White, N.D., Moyle, R.G. & Faircloth, B.C. 2019. Earth history and the passerine superradiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116(16): 7916–7925. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813206116 Open access PDF. Reference page.
Vernacular names
中文: 鸦小目
The "Corvida" were one of two "parvorders" contained within the suborder Passeri, as proposed in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, the other being Passerida. Standard taxonomic practice would place them at the rank of infraorder.
More recent research suggests that this is not a distinct clade—a group of closest relatives and nothing else—but an evolutionary grade instead. As such, it is abandoned in modern treatments, being replaced by a number of superfamilies that are considered rather basal among the Passeri.
It was presumed that cooperative breeding—present in many or most members of the Maluridae, Meliphagidae, Artamidae and Corvidae, among others—is a common apomorphy of this group.[1] But as evidenced by the updated phylogeny, this trait is rather the result of parallel evolution, perhaps because the early Passeri had to compete against many ecologically similar birds (see near passerine).[2]
Placement of "Corvida" families
This table lists, in taxonomic order, the families placed in "Corvida" by the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy in the left column. The right column contains details of their placement in modern systematics.
Corvoidea and Meliphagoidea are placed basally among the Passeri too. They are, however, groups large enough to be considered superfamilies in their own right.
Family | Modern placement |
---|---|
Menuridae: lyrebirds | Basalmost Passeri, close to Atrichornithidae |
Atrichornithidae: scrub-birds | Basalmost Passeri, close to Menuridae |
Climacteridae: Australian treecreepers | Basal Passeri, close to Ptilonorhynchidae |
Ptilonorhynchidae: bowerbirds | Basal Passeri, close to Climacteridae |
Maluridae: fairy-wrens, emu-wrens and grasswrens | Meliphagoidea. Nowadays several families. |
Meliphagidae: honeyeaters and allies | Meliphagoidea |
Pardalotidae: pardalotes, scrubwrens, thornbills, and gerygones | Meliphagoidea. Nowadays several families; Pardalotidae proper might belong in Meliphagidae |
Petroicidae: Australasian robins | Passeri incertae sedis, close to Picathartidae |
Orthonychidae: logrunners | Passeri incertae sedis, close to Pomatostomidae |
Pomatostomidae: Australasian babblers | Passeri incertae sedis, close to Orthonychidae |
Cinclosomatidae: whipbirds and allies | Corvoidea incertae sedis, relationships with Pachycephalidae unresolved |
Neosittidae: sittellas | Corvoidea |
Pachycephalidae: whistlers, shrike-thrushes, pitohuis and allies | Corvoidea incertae sedis, highly paraphyletic and relationships with Cinclosomatidae unresolved |
Dicruridae: monarch flycatchers and allies | Corvoidea. Possibly paraphyletic |
Oriolidae: orioles and figbirds | Corvoidea |
Icteridae: American blackbirds/orioles, grackles and cowbirds | Passerida: Passeroidea (the most "modern" main lineage of songbirds) |
Artamidae: woodswallows, butcherbirds, currawongs and Australian magpie | Corvoidea |
Paradisaeidae: birds of paradise | Corvoidea |
Cnemophilidae: satinbirds (included in Paradisaeidae) | Passeri incertae sedis, possibly close to Callaeidae |
Corvidae: crows, ravens, jays, etc. | Corvoidea |
Corcoracidae: white-winged chough and apostlebird | Corvoidea |
Irenidae: fairy-bluebirds | Passeri incertae sedis; close to Passeroidea or Regulidae (kinglets) |
Laniidae: shrikes | Corvoidea |
Prionopidae: helmetshrikes (initially included in Laniidae) | Corvoidea |
Malaconotidae: bush-shrikes and allies (initially included in Laniidae) | Corvoidea |
Vireonidae: vireos | Corvoidea |
Vangidae: vangas | Corvoidea |
Turnagridae: piopios | Corvoidea (included in Oriolidae) |
Callaeidae: New Zealand wattlebirds | Passeri incertae sedis, possibly close to Cnemophilidae |
In addition, the following families were not included in the "Corvida" although their closest relationships are with taxa included therein:
Family | Sibley-Ahlquist placement | Modern placement |
---|---|---|
Platysteiridae: wattle-eyes | Passerida (included in Muscicapidae) | Corvoidea |
Picathartidae: rockfowl | Passerida | Passeri incertae sedis, close to Petroicidae |
Chaetopidae: rockjumpers | Passerida (Turdidae) | Passeri incertae sedis, close to Petroicidae |
Melanocharitidae: berrypeckers and longbills | Passerida | Passeri incertae sedis, possibly close to Cnemophilidae |
Paramythiidae: tit berrypecker and crested berrypecker | Passerida (included in Melanocharitidae) | Passeri incertae sedis, possibly close to Cnemophilidae |
Footnotes
Cockburn (1996)
"DNA and Passerine Classification". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-08.
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Corvida.
Wikispecies has information related to Corvida.
Cockburn, A. (1996): Why do so many Australian birds cooperate? Social evolution in the Corvida. In: Floyd, R.; Sheppard, A. & de Barro, P. (eds.): Frontiers in Population Ecology: 21–42. CSIRO, Melbourne.
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