Treron calvus
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Columbimorphae
Ordo: Columbiformes
Familia: Columbidae
Subfamilia: Treroninae
Genus: Treron
Species: Treron calvus
Subspecies: T. c. ansorgei – T. c. brevicera – T. c. calvus – T. c. delalandii – T. c. gibberifrons – T. c. granti – T. c. nudirostris – T. c. poensis – T. c. salvadorii – T. c. schalowi – T. c. sharpei – T. c. uellensis – T. c. virescens – T. c. vylderi – T. c. wakefieldii
Name
Treron calvus (Temminck, 1811)
Synonyms
Columba calva (protonym)
References
Les Pigeons, par Madame Knip: 35, pl.7.
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Papegaaiduif
български: Африкански зелен гълъб
català: Colom verdós africà
čeština: Holub africký
Cymraeg: Colomen werdd Affrica
dansk: Papegøjedue
Deutsch: Rotnasen-Grüntaube
English: African Green Pigeon
español: Vinago africano común
eesti: Aafrika viigituvi
français: Colombar à front nu
עברית: יונה ירוקה אפריקנית
magyar: Afrikai lombgalamb
italiano: Piccione verde africano
日本語: アフリカアオバト
кырык мары: Африка ыжар кӓдӹ
Nederlands: Afrikaanse Papegaaiduif
norsk: Afrikagrønndue
پنجابی: افریقی ہرا کبوتر
português: Pombo-verde-africano
русский: Африканский зеленый голубь
svenska: Afrikansk grönduva
Tiếng Việt: Bồ câu lục châu Phi
The African green pigeon (Treron calvus) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae, and one of 5 green pigeon species in the Afrotropics. The species has a wide range in Sub-Saharan Africa with around 17 accepted races.[2]
Description and subspecies
Adult African green pigeons have maroon patches on the top of their wings and the juveniles have an olive color. The upperparts are grayish-green to yellowish-green; the thighs are yellow; and the feet and bill are red with the bill having a white tip.
T. c. calvus: eastern Nigeria to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and central Angola
T. c. virescens: Principe Island (Gulf of Guinea)
T. c. sharpei: Sierra Leone to south Nigeria and north Cameroon
T. c. nudirostris: Senegal to Gambia and Guinea-Bissau
T. c. poensis: Bioko Island (Gulf of Guinea)
T. c. uellensis: South Sudan, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda
T. c. brevicera: Southwest Ethiopia to north Tanzania east of Rift Valley (except for coast)
T. c. salvadorii: eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, southwestern Tanzania, Zambia, northern Malawi, and Mozambique
T. c. wakefieldii: coastal Kenya and northeastern Tanzania
T. c. schalowi: eastern Angola, northeastern Namibia, northern Botswana, and northwestern Zimbabwe
T. c. ansorgei: West Angola (south of Cuanza River)
T. c. vylderi: Northwest Namibia (east to Grootfontein)
T. c. gibberifrons: southeastern South Sudan south to the Lake Victoria Basin in Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania
T. c. [delalandii, glaucus or orientalis]: coast from southeastern Tanzania south to South Africa (Eastern Cape Province)
T. c. granti: Lowlands of east Tanzania and Zanzibar
Range
They may occur and breed in high densities but are prone to regular local movements. Their range includes Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Habits
As with others in their genus, they frequent tree canopies where their parrot-like climbing ability[3] enable them to reach fruit, but rarely also forage on the ground. Their call is a series of flowing whistles, rendered as ‘thweeeloo, thweeeoo’. They inhabit riparian forest, woodland and savanna, where they associate with fruiting trees, especially wild fig (Ficus) species, including Ficus sycomorus and Ficus sur, and in cities the ornamental Chinese banyan. They also take fruit of Saffrons (Cassine spp.), Jacket plum (Pappea capensis), Buffalo thorn (Ziziphus mucronata), Water berry (Syzygium cordatum) and Jackalberry (Diospyros mespiliformis). They may also feed on exotic Loquats and Mulberries, or on carrion by occasion.
Nesting
They nest in a tree fork that offers an adequate vantage point of their surrounds. The nest is a weak platform of sticks, collected by the male and arranged by the female.[4] Nesting may take place in any month of the year, though mostly in summer. 1–2 eggs are laid that hatch in 13–14 days. Chicks leave the nest at about 12 days.
Pictures
Close-up of the head
T. c. nudirostris feeding on wild figs, Gambia
T. c. glaucus feeding in Ficus microcarpa, South Africa
T. c. glaucus, showing chestnut undertail-coverts
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Treron calvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T45433492A95154637. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T45433492A95154637.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
"African Green-pigeon (Treron calva)". Internet Bird Collection. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
Gerhard Rösler: Die Wildtauben der Erde – Freileben, Haltung und Zucht, Verlag M. & H. Schaper, Alfeld-Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7944-0184-0
Video of nesting behaviour, The Internet Bird Collection
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