Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Ordo: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Subordo: Cynodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclassis: Trechnotheria
Infraclassis: Zatheria
Supercohort: Theria
Cohort: Eutheria
Cohort: Placentalia
Cladus: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Ordo: Primates
Subordo: Haplorhini
Infraordo: Tarsiiformes
Familia: Tarsiidae
Genus: Tarsius
Synonyms (3): Hypsicebus – Macrotarsus – Rabienus
Species (11 + 3†): T. dentatus – T. dianae – T. fuscus – T. lariang – T. pelengensis – ?T. pumilus – T. sangirensis – T. spectrum – T. spectrumgurskyae – T. supriatnai – T. tarsier – T. tumpara – T. wallacei – †T. eocaenus – †T. sirindhornae – †T. thailandica
Name
Tarsius Storr, 1780
Type species: Lemur tarsier Erxleben, 1777
.
Primary references
Storr 1780: Prod. meth., 32 & tab. A.
1,2 Tarsius fuscus, 3 Tarsius sangirensis
References
Tarsius in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Gray, Samuel Frederick (1821). The London Medical Repository. Vol. XV. p. 299. Google books
Vernacular names
беларуская: Даўгапяты
čeština: Nártoun
English: tarsiers
polski: wyrak
ไทย: ทาร์เซีย
Tarsius is a genus of tarsiers, small primates native to islands of Southeast Asia. Until 2010, all tarsier species were typically assigned to this genus, but a revision of the family Tarsiidae restored the generic status of Cephalopachus and created a new genus Carlito.[1]
All members of Tarsius are found on Sulawesi, while Cephalopachus is found on Sundaland and Carlito in Greater Mindanao.
Species
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dian's tarsier
|
T. dentatus Miller & Hollister, 1921 |
Central Sulawesi, Indonesia |
Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–28 cm (5–11 in) tail[2][3] Habitat: Forest[4] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[2] |
VU
|
| Gursky's spectral tarsier
|
T. spectrumgurskyae Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017 |
Northeastern Sulawesi (in purple) |
Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[5] Habitat: Forest[6] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[6] |
VU
|
| Jatna's tarsier
|
T. supriatnai Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017 |
Northern Sulawesi (in gray) |
Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[5] Habitat: Forest[7] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[7] |
VU
|
| Lariang tarsier
|
T. lariang Groves & Merker, 2006 |
Central Sulawesi |
Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[8] Habitat: Forest[9] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[9] |
DD
|
| Makassar tarsier
|
T. fuscus Fischer von Waldheim, 1804 |
Southern Sulawesi (in yellow) |
Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[10] Habitat: Forest and caves[11] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[10] |
VU
|
| Niemitz's tarsier
|
T. niemitzi Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto, Mittermeier, Salim & Springer, 2019 |
Northern Sulawesi (circled in black) |
Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[12] Habitat: Forest[13] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[13] |
EN
|
| Peleng tarsier
|
T. pelengensis Sody, 1949 |
Eastern Sulawesi |
Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 25–27 cm (10–11 in) tail[14] Habitat: Forest[15] Diet: Insects, as well as frogs, lizards, and other small vertebrates[15] |
EN
|
| Pygmy tarsier
|
T. pumilus Miller, Hollister, 1921 |
Central Sulawesi |
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 20–21 cm (8 in) tail[16][17] Habitat: Forest[18] Diet: Arthropods and insects, as well as small vertebrates[16] |
EN
|
| Sangihe tarsier
|
T. sangirensis Meyer, 1897 |
Sangir Island, southeastern Philippines |
Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[19] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[20] Diet: Insects, as well as birds, lizards, and other small vertebrates[19] |
EN
|
| Siau Island tarsier
|
T. tumpara Shekelle, Groves, Merker & Supriatna, 2008 |
Siau Island, north of Sulawesi | Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 20 cm (8 in) tail[21] Habitat: Forest[22] Diet: Arthropods, as well as small vertebrates[22] |
CR
|
| Spectral tarsier
|
T. tarsier (Erxleben, 1777) |
Sulawesi |
Size: 9–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[23] Habitat: Forest[24] Diet: Insects, as well as lizards, bats, and other small vertebrates[23] |
VU
|
| Wallace's tarsier
|
T. wallacei Merker, Driller, Dahruddin, Wirdateti, Sinaga, Perwitasari-Farajallah & Shekelle, 2010 |
Northern Sulawesi (in orange) |
Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 23–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[25] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[26] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[25] |
VU
|
[4]
As of 2018, Fossilworks also recognizes the following additional extinct species:[27]
†Tarsius eocaenus Beard et al., 1994[28]
†Tarsius sirindhornae Chaimanee et al., 2011[29]
References
Groves, C.; Shekelle, M. (2010). "The Genera and Species of Tarsiidae". International Journal of Primatology. 31 (6): 1071–1082. doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9443-1. S2CID 21220811.
Yang, Liubin (2007). "Tarsius dentatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
Supriatna, p. 49
Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius dentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21489A17977790. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21489A17977790.en.
Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2017). "Two new tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Primate Conservation. 31: 61–69.
Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius spectrumgurskyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336422A162336580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336422A162336580.en.
Shekelle, M. (2022) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Tarsius supriatnai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336881A220971513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336881A220971513.en.
Supriatna, p. 45
Shekelle, M; Salim, M.; Merker, S. (2020). "Tarsius lariang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136319A17978130. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136319A17978130.en.
Supriatna, pp. 40–41
Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369593A162369616. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369593A162369616.en.
Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I/; Mittermeier, R. A.; Salim, A/; Springer, M/ S. (2019). "A new tarsier species from the Togean Islands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, with references to Wallacea and conservation on Sulawesi". Primate Conservation. 33: 1–9. S2CID 204801433.
Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius niemitzi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162337005A171341769. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162337005A171341769.en.
Supriatna, p. 53
Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius pelengensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21494A17977515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21494A17977515.en.
Ford, Trevor (2011). "Tarsius pumilus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
Supriatna, pp. 42–43
Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius pumilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21490A17977980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21490A17977980.en.
Minich, Miriam (2017). "Tarsius sangirensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius sangirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21493A17977351. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21493A17977351.en.
Downey, Kathleen (March 2019). "Siau Island Tarsier, Tarsius tumpara". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T179234A17977202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en.
Mogk, Kenzie (2012). "Tarsius tarsier". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius tarsier". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369551A17978304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369551A17978304.en.
Supriatna, pp. 47–48
Merker, S.; Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius wallacei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T195277A17977659. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T195277A17977659.en.
"Tarsius Storr 1780 (tarsier)". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
Beard, K. Christopher; Qi, Tao; Dawson, Mary R.; Wang, Banyue; Li, Chuankuei (1994). "A diverse new primate fauna from middle Eocene fissure-fillings in southeastern China". Nature. 368 (6472): 607. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..604B. doi:10.1038/368604a0. PMID 8145845. S2CID 2471330.
Chaimanee, Y.; Lebrun, R.; Yamee, C.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2010). "A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric-morphometric method". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1714): 1956–1963. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2062. PMC 3107645. PMID 21123264.
Sources
Groves, Colin P. (2005). Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
Supriatna, Jatna (2022). Field Guide to the Primates of Indonesia. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-03-083206-3.
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