Mammalia

Hellenica World

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Cladus: Euteleostomi
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
OrdoTherapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Subordo: Cynodontia
Infraordo: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Subclasses: Prototheria - Trechnotheria - †Australosphenida (cladus) - †Symmetrodonta - †Incertae sedis
Overview of extant ordines (29)

Afrosoricida – Artiodactyla – Carnivora – Cetacea – Chiroptera – Cingulata – Dasyuromorphia – Dermoptera – Didelphimorphia – Diprotodontia – Erinaceomorpha – Hyracoidea – Lagomorpha – Macroscelidea – Microbiotheria – Monotremata – Notoryctemorphia – Paucituberculata – Peramelemorphia – Perissodactyla – Pholidota – Pilosa – Primates – Proboscidea – Rodentia – Scandentia – Sirenia – Soricomorpha – Tubulidentata
Name

Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758
Classifications

Classifications

Linnaeus (1735)

Systema Naturae, 1st edition, 1735, [1], [2].

Regnum Animale

• Quadrupedia [= mammals, without whales]
  • Anthropomorpha
  • Ferae
  • Glires
  • Jumenta
  • Pecora
• Aves
• Amphibia
• Pisces
• Insecta
• Vermes
• Paradoxa

Klein (1751)

Klein, J. T. Quadrupedum dispositio brevisque historia naturalis. 8vo. Lipsiae, [3].

Quadrupedia [= tetrapods, without the cecilians, snakes, birds and whales] [p. 124-127]

• Ordo I. Quadrupedia ungulata [p. 3]
• Ordo II. Quadrupedia digitata pilosa [p. 40]
• Ordo III. Quadrupedia digitata depilata [p. 96]

Linnaeus (1758)

Systema Naturae, 10th ed., vol. 1, [4], [5]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [6].

Regnum Animale

• Classis I. Mammalia
  • Quadrupedia
    • Ordo I. Primates
    • Ordo II. Bruta
    • Ordo III. Ferae
    • Ordo IV. Bestiae
    • Ordo V. Glires
    • Ordo VI. Pecora
    • Ordo VII. Belluae
  • Pinnata
    • Ordo VIII. Cete
• Classis II. Aves
• Classis III. Amphibia
• Classis IV. Pisces
• Classis V. Insecta
• Classis VI. Vermes

Storr (1780)

Prodromus Methodi Mammalium, 1780, [7].

Tabula generalior [p. 45]

• Imperii Natvrae
  • Regni Organici
    • Reipublicae Animalium
      • Agminis Rvbrisangvium
        • Aciei Calidorvm
          • Classis I. Mammalivm
            • Phalanx I. Pedatorum
              • Cohors I. Vnguiculatorum
                • Ordo I. Primates
                • Ordo II. Rosores
                • Ordo III. Mutici
              • Cohors II. Vngulatorum
                • Ordo I. Jumenta
                • Ordo II. Pecora
                • Ordo III. Belluae
            • Phalanx II. Pinnipedum
            • Phalanx III. Pinnatorum

Pennant (1781)

History of Quadrupeds, Vol. 1. 4to. London, [8].

Quadrupeds [= mammals]

• Div. I. Hoofed Quadrupeds
• Div. II. Digitated Quadrupeds
• Div. III. Pinnated Quadrupeds
• Div. IV. Winged Quadrupeds

Boddaërt (1784)

Elenchus animalium, [9].

• Quadrupedia [= mammals]
  • Terrestria [p. 42]
  • Aquilata [p. 165]

Vicq d’Azyr (1792)

Système anatomique des quadrupèdes, in: Encyclopédie méthodique: Système anatomique, vol. 2, [10].

Quadrupèdes [= mammals, p. xcv-cx]

• 1. Pédimanes
• 2. Rongeurs
• 3. Aile-pieds (Chauve souris)
• 4. Taupens ou Taupes
• 5. Soriciens
• 6. Édentés
• 7. Carnivores
• 8. Empêtrés
• 9. Cheveaux d'eau
• 10. Élephantins
• 11. Tapiriens
• 12. Rhinocéros
• 13. Porcini
• 14. Ruminans
• 15. Solipèdes

Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire & Cuvier (1795)

Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire, É. & Cuvier, G. (1795). Mémoire sur une nouvelle division des mammiferes, et sur les principes qui doivent servir de base dans cette sorte de travail. Magasin encyclopédique 2: 164–190. See Gregory (1910). [11].

Mammifères

• Mammifères à ongles [p. 186]
  • Ordre Ier. Quadrumanes [Boddaërt].
  • Ordre IIe. Chéiroptères [Blumenbach].
  • Ordre IIe. Plantigrades [new term? Insectivores, plantigrade carnivora.]
  • Ordre IVe. Vermiformes [cf. “Verminei”, of Ray and Storr] (Mephitis, Mustela, Lutra).
  • Ordre Ve. Carnivores [Vicq d'Azyr] (Civetta, Hyaena, Canis, Felis).
  • Ordre VI°. Pédimanes [Vicq d'Azyr] (Didelphis, Phalangista).
  • Ordre VIP. Rongeurs [Vicq d'Azyr] (Kangurus, Dipus, Glis, Sciurus, Mus, etc.).
  • Ordre VIIIe. Édentés [Vicq d'Azyr] (Myrmecophaga, Manis, Dasypus).
  • Ordre IXe. Tardigrades [cf. Brisson's “Tardigradus”] (Bradypus).
• Mammifères à sabots
  • Ordre Xe. Pachydermes [new term?] (Elephantus, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Tapir, Sus).
  • Ordre XIe. Ruminans [Vicq d'Azyr] (Camelus, Moschus, Cervus, Camelopardalis, Antilope, Capra, Ovis, Bos).
  • Ordre XIIe. Solipèdes [Vicq d'Azyr] (Equus).
• Mammifères marins
  • Ordre XIIIe. Amphibies [cf. “Empêtrés” Vicq d'Azyr] (Phoca, Rosmarus, Manatus, Trichecus [Dugong]).
  • Ordre XIVe. Cétacés.

Lacépède (1799)

Tableau des divisions, sous-divisions, ordres et genres des, mammifères, pp. 1-18. Paris, année VII [1799]. See Gregory (1910).

Mammifères

• Division I. Quadrupèdes proprement dis.
• Division II. Mammifères ailés.
• Division III. Mammifères marines.

Illiger (1811)

Prodromus mammalium et avium, [12].

Mammalia [p. 58]

• Erecta
• Pollicata
• Salientia
• Prensiculantia
• Multungula
• Solidungula
• Bisulca
• Tardigrada
• Effodientia
• Reptantia
• Volitantia
• Faculata
• Pinnipedia
• Natantia

de Blainville (1834)

de Blainville (1834), cited by Gervais in the Dictionnaire pittoresque d'histoire naturelle, Tome IV, 1836, p. 619, [13].

Mammifères

• Monadelphes
• Didelphes
• Ornithodelphes

de Blainville (1839-1864)

de Blainville, M. Ostéographie, ou, Description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des Mammifères récents et fossiles. 4 vols. of text in 4to, 4 vol. of plates in folio. Paris, [14], [15], [16].

Mammifères

• Primatès
• Secundatès
• Quaternatès
• Maldentés

Kaup (1844)

Classification der säugethiere und vögel, [17].

Mammalia

• Pollicata
• Glires
• Mammalia herpethoidea
• Mammalia Ichthyoidea
• Ruminantia

Wagner (1855)

Schreber's Säugetiere, Suppl. Bd., part 5, Vte Abth., pp. ix-xxvi, [18], plates, [19].

Säugetiere

• Simiae
• Edentata
• Marsupialia
• Ruminantia
• Solidungula
• Pachydermata
• Insectivora
• Chiroptera

Gill (1870, 1872)

On the relations of the orders of mammals. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1870, 19th meeting, pp. 267-270, [20].

Arrangement of the families of mammals, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1872, [21].

Class Mammalia

• Subclass Monodelphia
• Subclass Didelphia
• Subclass Ornithodelphia

Huxley (1880)

Huxley T.H. 1880. On the application of the laws of evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata and more particularly of the Mammalia. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 649-662, [22].

Mammalia

• Hypotheria
• Prototheria
• Metatheria
• Eutheria

Flower (1883)

On the arrangement of the orders and families of existing Mammalia. Proc. Zoo. Soc., Apr. 17, 1883, pp. 178-186, [23].

Mammalia

• Subclass Prototheria or Ornithodelphia
• Subclass Metatheria or Didelphia
• Subclass Eutheria or Monodelphia

Weber (1904)

Die Säugetiere, pp. ix-xi, [24].

Säugetiere

• I. Unterklasse Monotremata
• II. Unterklasse Marsupialia
• III. Unterklasse Monodelphia

Osborn (1910)

Osborn H.F. 1910. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. N.Y.: MacMillan, 635 p.,[25].

• Mammalia [p. 25]
  • Prototheia
    • Protodonta
    • Monotremata
  • Marsupialia, Didelphia or Metatheria
    • Triconodonta
    • Marsupialia proper
  • Placentalia, Monodelphia or Eutheria
    • Unguiculata
    • Primates
    • Ungulata
    • Cetacea

Gregory (1910)

Gregory, W.K. 1910. The orders of mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. V. 27. P. 1-524, [26].

• Class Reptilia [p. 464]
  • Order Therapsida Broom
• Class Mammalia Linn.
  • ?Subclass Promammalia Haeckel
  • Subclass Prototheria Gill, Huxley
  • Subclass Theria Parker & Haswell (= Eutheria Gill)

Simpson (1945)

Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 85: 1–350, [27].

• Class Mammalia
  • Subclass Prototheria
    • Order Monotremata
  • Subclass †Allotheria
    • Order †Multituberculata
  • Mammalia of uncertain subclass
    • Order †Triconodonta
  • Subclass Theria
    • Infraclass †Pantotheria
      • Order †Pantotheria
      • Order †Symmetrodonta
    • Infraclass Metatheria
      • Order Marsupialia
    • Infraclass Eutheria
      • Cohort Unguiculata
        • Order Insectivora (incl. Macroscelididae)
        • Order Dermoptera
        • Order Chiroptera
        • Order Primates (incl. Tupaiidae)
        • Order Edentata
        • Order Pholidota
      • Cohort Glires
        • Order Lagomorpha
        • Order Rodentia
      • Cohort Mutica
        • Order Cetacea
      • Cohort Ferungulata
        • Superorder Ferae
          • Order Carnivora (incl. Pinnipedia)
        • Superorder Protungulata
          • Order Tubulidentata
        • Superorder Paenungulata
          • Order Proboscidea
          • Order Hyracoidea
          • Order Sirenia
        • Superorder Mesaxonia
          • Order Perissodactyla
        • Superorder Paraxonia
          • Order Artiodactyla

Novacek et al. in Benton (1988)

Novacek M.J., Wyss A., McKenna M.C. 1988. The major groups of eutherian mammals. In: Benton M.J. (ed). The phylogeny and classification of tetrapods. V. 2. Mammals. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 31-71. From Pavlinov (2006).

Mammalia

• Prototheria
• Theria
  • Marsupialia
  • Placentalia
    • Cohort Edentata
      • Order Xenarthra
      • Order Pholidota
    • Cohort Epitheria
      • Order Tubulidentata
      • Superorder Ferae
        • Order Carnivora
      • Superorder Lipotyphla
        • Order Insectivora
      • Superorder Archonta
        • Order Scandentia
        • Order Primates
        • Grandorder Volitantia
          • Order Dermoptera
          • Order Chiroptera
      • Superorder Anagalida
        • Order Macroscelidea
        • Grandorder Glires
          • Order Lagomorpha
          • Order Rodentia
      • Superorder Ungulata
        • Order Artiodactyla
        • Order Perissodactyla
        • Order Cetacea
        • Grandorder Paenungulata
          • Order Hyracoidea
          • Mirorder Tethytheria
            • Order Proboscidea
            • Order Sirenia

McKenna and Bell (1997)

McKenna, M. C., and Bell, S. K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp., [28].

Class Mammalia

• Subclass Prototheria
  • Order Platypoda
  • Order Tachyglossa
• Subclass Theriiformes
  • Infraclass †Allotheria
  • Infraclass †Triconodonta
  • Infraclass Holotheria
    • Superlegion †Kuehneotheria
    • Superlegion Trechnotheria
      • Legion †Symmetrodonta
      • Legion Cladotheria
        • Sublegion †Dryolestoida
        • Sublegion Zatheria
          • Infralegion †Peramura
          • Infralegion Tribosphenida
            • Supercohort †Amphitheriida
            • Supercohort Theria
              • Cohort Marsupialia
              • Cohort Placentalia
                • Magnorder Xenarthra
                  • Order Cingulata
                  • Order Pilosa
                • Magnorder Epitheria
                  • Superorder †Leptictida
                  • Superorder Preptotheria
                    • Grandorder Anagalida
                      • Mirorder Macroscelidea
                      • Mirorder Duplicidentata
                        • Order †Mimotonida
                        • Order Lagomorpha
                      • Mirorder Simplicidentata
                        • Order †Mixodontia
                        • Order Rodentia
                    • Grandorder Ferae
                      • Order Cimolesta (Including Pholidota)
                      • Order †Creodonta
                      • Order Carnivora
                    • Grandorder Lipotyphla
                      • Order Chrysochloridea
                      • Order Erinaceomorpha
                      • Order Soricomorpha
                    • Grandorder Archonta
                      • Order Scandentia
                      • Order Chiroptera
                      • Order Primates (Includes Dermoptera as a family)
                    • Grandorder Ungulata
                      • Order Tubulidentata
                      • Mirorder Eparctocyona
                        • Order †Procreodi
                        • Order †Condylarthra
                        • Order †Arctostylopida
                        • Order Cete
                        • Order Artiodactyla
                      • Mirorder †Meridiungulata
                      • Mirorder Altungulata
                        • Order Perissodactyla
                        • Order Uranotheria

Shoshani and MacKenna (1998)

Shoshani J., McKenna M.C. 1998. Higher taxonomic relationships among extant mammals based on morphology, with selected comparisons of results from molecular data. Mol. Phylog. Evol. V. 9 (3). P. 572-584. From Pavlinov (2006).

Mammalia

• Prototheria
• Theria
  • Marsupialia
  • Placentalia
    • Edentata
      • Xenarthra
    • Epitheria
      • Lipotyphla
        • Insectivora
      • Preptotheria
        • Unguiculata
          • Anagalida
            • Macroscelidea
            • Glires
              • Lagomorpha
              • Rodentia
          • Archonta
            • Scandentia
            • Primatomorpha
              • Primates
              • Volitantia
                • Dermoptera
                • Chiroptera
        • Ferungulata
          • Ferae
            • Carnivora
            • Pholidota
          • Ungulata
            • Tubulidentata
            • Cetungulata
              • Eparctocyona
                • Artiodactyla
                • Cetacea
              • Altungulata
                • Perissodactyla
                • Uranotheria
                  • Hyracoidea
                  • Tethytheria
                    • Proboscidea
                    • Sirenia

Agadjanian et al. (2000)

Agadjanian, A. K., Kalandadze, N. N., Rautian, A. S. (2000). The radiation of mammalian orders: a new insight. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal. (6): 69–73.

[Aгаджанян А.К., Каландадзе Н.Н., Раутиан А.С., 2000. Радиация отрядов млекопитающих: новый взгляд. Палеонтол. журн. № 6. С. 69-73.] From Pavlinov (2006).

• Placentalia
  • Legion Ferae
    • Cohort Carnivora
      • Order Caniformia
      • Order Feliformia
    • Cohort Insectivora
      • Order Lipotyphla
  • Legion Asiatheria
    • Cohort Volitantia
      • Order Menotyphla
      • Order Chiroptera
      • Order Dermoptera
    • Cohort Lagotheria
      • Order Lagomorpha
  • Legion Westheria
    • Cohort Primatomorpha
      • Order Primates
      • Order Rodentia
    • Cohort Edentata
      • Order Nomarthra
      • Order Xenarthra
    • Cohort Ungulata
      • Subcohort Proterungulata
        • Order Macroscelidea
      • Subcohort Mesaxonia
        • Order Perissodactyla
      • Subcohort Paenungulata
        • Superorder Procaviamorpha
          • Order Hyracoidea
        • Superorder Tethytheria
          • Order Proboscidea
          • Order Sirenia
      • Subcohort Ferungulata
        • Superorder Paraxonia
          • Order Artiodacyla
        • Superorder Mutica
          • Order Cetacea

Pavlinov (2006)

Pavlinov, I. Y. Systematics of Recent Mammals (2d ed.) — Moscow: Moscow Univ. Publ. 2006. 297 p.

[Павлинов И. Я. Систематика современных млекопитающих (2 изд.) — М.: изд-во МГУ. 2006. 297 с.]

• Class Mammalia [p. 24, 239]
  • Subclass Protothertia
    • Order Platypoda
    • Order Tachyglossa
  • Subclass Theria
    • Infraclass Metatheria (= Marsupiala)
      • Cohort Ameridelphia
        • Order Didelphimorphia
        • Order Paucituberculata
      • Cohort Australidelphia
        • Order Microbiotheria
        • Order Dasyuromorphia
        • Order Notoryctemorphia
        • Superorder Syndactyli
          • Order Peramelemorphia
          • Order Diprotodontia
    • Infraclass Eutheria (= Placentalia)
      • Legion Edentata
        • Order Cingulata
        • Order Pilosa
      • Legion Epi theria
        • Cohort Lipotyphla
          • Order Afrosoricida
          • Order Eulipotyphla
        • Cohort Archonta
          • Order Scandentia
          • Order Primates
          • Order Dermoptera
          • Order Chiroptera
        • Cohort Anagalida
          • Order Macroscelidea
          • Superorder Glires
            • Order Lagomorpha
            • Order Rodentia
        • Cohort Ferae
          • Order Pholidota
          • Order Carnivora
        • Cohort Ungulata
          • Order †Bibymalagasia
          • Order Tubulidentata
          • Subcohort Cetungulata
            • Order Perissodactyla
            • Hyperorder Eparctocyona (= Cetartiodactyla)
              • Order Cetacea
              • Order Artiodactyla
            • Hyperorder Paenungulata
              • Order Hyracoidea
              • Superorder Tethytheria
                • Order Proboscidea
                • Order Sirenia

References

• Gregory, W. K. (1910). The orders of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 27, [29].

Selected references

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 2011: Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011: Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148: 56–60. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-850-7 (online edition) PDF

Additional references

Asher, R.J.; Helgen, K.M. 2011: High level mammalian taxonomy: a response to Hedges (2011). Zootaxa, 3092: 63–64. Preview
Mammalia Report on ITIS
De Valais, S. 2009: Ichnotaxonomic revision of Ameghinichnus, a mammalian ichnogenus from the Middle Jurassic La Matilde Formation, Santa Cruz province, Argentina. Zootaxa, 2203: 1–21. Abstract & excerpt
Escribano, N., Galicia, D., Ariño, A.H. & Escala, C. 2016. Mammals in the MZNA Vertebrate Collection of University of Navarra. ZooKeys 634: 137–150. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.634.10207. Reference page.
Gutiérrez, E.E. & Marinho-Filho, J. 2017. The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga. ZooKeys 644: 105–157. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.644.10827. Reference page.
Hoffmann, M.; Grubb, P.; Groves, C.P.; Hutterer, R.; Van Der Straeten, E.; Simmons, N.; Bergmans, W. 2009: A synthesis of African and western Indian Ocean Island mammal taxa (Class: Mammalia) described between 1988 and 2008: an update to Allen (1939) and Ansell (1989). Zootaxa, 2205: 1–36. Abstract & excerpt
Morrone, J.J., Escalante, T. & Rodríguez-Tapia, G. 2017. Mexican biogeographic provinces: Map and shapefiles. Zootaxa 4277(2): 277–279. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4277.2.8. Reference page.
O'Leary, M.A.; Bloch, J.I.; Flynn, J.J.; Gaudin, T.J.; Giallombardo, A.; Giannini, N.P.; Goldberg, S.L.; Kraatz, B.P.; Luo, Z.-X.; Meng, J.; Ni, X.; Novacek, M.J.; Perini, F.A.; Randall, Z.S.; Rougier, G.W.; Sargis, E.J.; Silcox, M.T.; Simmons, N.B.; Spaulding, M.; Velazco, P.M.; Weksler, M.; Wible, J.R.; & Cirranello, A.L. 2013: The placental mammal ancestor and the post–K-Pg radiation of placentals. Science, 339 (6120): 662–667. doi: 10.1126/science.1229237 reference page
Wiig, Ø.; Bachmann, L. 2013: The mammal type specimens at the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway. Zootaxa 3736(5): 587–597. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3736.5.9 reference page
Suraprasit, K., Jaeger, J.J., Chaimanee, Y., Chavasseau, O., Yamee, C., Tian, P. & Panha, S. 2016. The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications. ZooKeys 613: 1-157. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.613.8309. reference page
Williamson, T.E.; Brusatte, S.L.; Wilson, G.P. 2014: The origin and early evolution of metatherian mammals: The Cretaceous record. ZooKeys, 465: 1-76. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.465.8178 reference page

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Soogdiere
العربية: ثدييات
অসমীয়া: Mamíferu
azərbaycanca: Məməlilər
Bahasa Indonesia: Binatang menyusui
Bahasa Melayu: Mamalia
বাংলা: স্তন্যপায়ী
Basa Sunda: Mamalia
be: Inama
Boarisch: Spofiecha
bosanski: Sisari
brezhoneg: Bronneged
български: Бозайници
català: Mamífers
čeština: Savci
bem: Inama
corsu: Mammiferu
српски / srpski: Сисари
Cymraeg: Mamaliaid
dansk: Pattedyr
Deutsch: Säugetiere
eesti: Imetajad, Mammaalid
Ελληνικά: Θηλαστικά
English: Mammals
español: Mamíferos
Esperanto: Mamuloj
euskara: Ugaztunak
فارسی: پستانداران
føroyskt: Súgdjór
français: Mammifères
Frysk: Sûchdieren
Gàidhlig: Mamalan
galego: Mamíferos
한국어: 포유강(哺乳綱)
Հայերեն: Կաթնասուններ
hrvatski: Sisavci
Ido: Mamifero
interlingua: Mammales
íslenska: Spendýr
italiano: Mammiferi
עברית: יונקים
ქართული: ძუძუმწოვრები
kernowek: Bronnviles
Latina: Mammalia
latviešu: Zīdītāji
Lëtzebuergesch: Mamendéieren
lietuvių: Žinduoliai
Ligure: Mammifeï
Limburgs: Zoegdiere
lingála: Nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ
la .lojban.: Mabru
magyar: Emlősök
македонски: Цицачите
Malti: Mammiferi
монгол: Хөхтөний анги
Nederlands: Zoogdieren
日本語: 哺乳綱
norsk: Pattedyr
norsk nynorsk: Pattedyr/spendyr
Nouormand: Mammiféthe
occitan: Mamifèrs
Plattdüütsch: Söögdeerten
polski: Ssaki
português: Mamíferos
română: Mamifere
русский: Млекопитающие
Basa Sunda: Mamalia
shqip: Gjitar
sicilianu: Mammìfiri
slovenčina: Cicavce
slovenščina: Sesalci
suomi: Nisäkkäät
svenska: Däggdjur
Tagalog: Mamalya
tetun: Mamolojia
ไทย: สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนม
Tiếng Việt: Lớp Thú
Türkçe: Memeliler
українська: Ссавці
اردو: پستانداران
walon: Biesse ås tetes
ייִדיש: זויג בעל חיה
中文: 哺乳綱

Mammals Images

Biology Encyclopedia

Retrieved from Wikispecies and "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

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