Ornithoptera aesacus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Papilionidae
Subfamilia: Papilioninae
Tribus: Troidini
Subtribus: Troidina
Genus: Ornithoptera
Subgenus: Schoenbergia
Species: Ornithoptera aesacus
Formae:
male ♂f

O.a.♂f. azurus - O.a.♂f. claudei - O.a.♂f. christophi - O.a.♂f. hudsoni - O.a.♂f. maculatusaurum - O.a.♂f. nadiae - O.a.♂f. solioccassus - O.a.♂f. viridari
female ♀f

O.a.♀f. massaea - O.a.♀f. purpurea - O.a.♀f. tenebricosa
Name

Ornithoptera aesacus Ney, 1903.

Type locality: Indonesia, Maluku, Obi.

Syntypes: 3♀♀, 1♂. Loc. tbc.
Synonymy

Troides aesacus Ney, 1903: 36.

References

Deslisle, G. & Sclavo, J.P. 2015. Outstanding Birdwing Butterflies. Volume 1: 1–813. Reference page.
Ney, F., 1903. Eine neue Troides-Form von Obi. Insekten-Börse 20(5): 36. BHL. Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Obi Island Birdwing
Bahasa Indonesia: Kupu-kupu sayap-burung Obi

Ornithoptera aesacus, the Obi Island birdwing, is a rare species of birdwing butterfly, endemic to the Island of Obira (formerly Obi), Indonesia.[3]

The specific epithet of Ornithoptera aesacus, is named after Æsacus, the eldest son of Priam.

History
Ornithoptera obiensis in Robert Henry Fernando Rippon Icones Ornithopterorum (1898 to 1906)

The original description is: aesacus Ney, F. 1903 as Troides priamus Form aesacus. The full reference is Ney, F. 1903 Eine neue Troides-Form von Obi. Insekten-Börse 20 (5): 36., 1903.

The depository of the four syntypes collected by J. Waterstradt in May 1902 is unknown. They were once held by Hermann Rolle, whose collection, in part, was sold to Eugène Le Moult.
Description

Ornithoptera aesacus is a member of the Ornithoptera priamus species group. The two species are very similar but the male O. aesacus has a brilliant turquoise-blue sheen.
Taxonomy

The classification of Ornithoptera aesacus as a species does not have full consensus, and is sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Ornithoptera priamus by some, such as Parsons (1996).
Synonymy

O. obiana (Waterstradt in litt.) Rebel, 1906
O. obiensis Rippon, 1906
O. obiana (as O. arruana obiana) Rippon, 1906-1912

Distribution
The Obi Islands. Ornithoptera aesacus is known to occur only on Obira

The Obi Island birdwing is endemic to the Island of Obira in Indonesia.[3] It inhabits tropical rainforest. Due to extensive logging on the Island the conservation of the species is a concern, and has been classified as 'Vulnerable' by the IUCN[1] Twenty years ago it was the rarest birdwing species in the world. It remains threatened, but is commercially bred.
References

Böhm, M. (2018). "Ornithoptera aesacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T15511A725553. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T15511A725553.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.

Global Biodiversity Information Facility, record for Ornithoptera aesacus

D'Abrera, B. (1975). Birdwing Butterflies of the World. Country Life Books, London.
Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Haugum, J. & Low, A.M. (1978-1985). A Monograph of the Birdwing Butterflies. 2 volumes. Scandinavian Press, Klampenborg; 663 pp.
Parsons, M.J. (1996). A phylogenetic reappraisal of the birdwing genus Ornithoptera (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Troidini) and a new theory of its evolution in relation to Gondwanan vicariance biogeography. Journal of Natural History 30(11):1707-1736.