Scaphopetalum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Malvales

Familia: Malvaceae
Subfamilia: Byttnerioideae
Tribus: Byttnerieae
Genus: Scaphopetalum
Species: S. acuminatum – S. amoenum – S. blackii – S. brunneopurpureum – S. dewevrei – S. discolor – S. longipedunculatum – S. macranthum – S. mannii – S. ngouniense – S. obiangianum – S. pallidinerve – S. parvifolium – S. paxii – S. riparium – S. stipulosum – S. talbotii – S. thonneri – S. vanderystii – S. zenkeri
Name

Scaphopetalum Mast., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 10: 28. (1867)

Type species: non design.

References

Masters, M.T. 1867. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 10: 28.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Scaphopetalum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Dec. 19. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2020. Scaphopetalum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Dec. 19. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Scaphopetalum. Published online. Accessed: Dec. 19 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Scaphopetalum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 19 DEc. 2020.

Scaphopetalum is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae senso lato. The distribution of the genus is restricted to the rain forests of Africa. In total 26 taxa have been described, 21 have been recognized (20 species and 1 variety), two invalid and one nomen nudus (without a formal description).

History

The genus Scaphopetalum was first described by Masters (1867),[1] based on material from Equatorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by Gustav Mann. Three species were described by Maxwell T. Masters, S. longe-penduculatum, S. blackii and S. mannii. Later, É. De Wildeman and T. Durant (June, 1897) described S. thonneri based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K. Schumann (October, 1897) described four new species, S. stipulosum, S. macranthum, S. zenkeri and S. monophysca. The last species, S. monophysca closely resembles S. thonerii and its description is based on material from Cameroon and Gabon.

The next six new species are a contribution of German taxonomists mainly based on material from Cameroon collected by Ledermann, Mildbraed and Zenker. In 1908 H.Winkler describes S. paxii. collected by himself in Cameroon. Engler and Krause described two species in 1911, S. pallidinervis and S. riparia and three in 1913, S. discolor, S. acuminatum and S. bruneo-purpureum. S. discolor is a species from Congo and the other four from Cameroon. That same year Baker f. described two species based on material collected by Talbot from Nigeria, S. parvifolium and S. talbotii.

The first species for West Africa was described by A. Chevalier in 1917 and named S. amoenum. For the Mayombe region (Gabon) two species were described by Pellegrine in 1921, S. letestui and S. ngounyense. The first species was made synonym by Halle in 1961 as a variety within S. blackii, S. blackii var. letestui. In the same publication N. Halle splits off another variety S. thonneri var. klainei. Both varieties were described without a prologue in Latin and subsequently invalid. In the same year R. Germain describes a new species S. vanderijstii and a new variety S. dewevrei var. suborophila both for DRC. The most recent species is described from Equatorial Guinea, S. obiangianum by M.E. Leal[2] in 2007.
Species

Scaphopetalum accuminatum Engl. & Krause (1913)
Scaphopetalum amoeum A.Chev. (1917)
Scaphopetalum blackii Mast. (1869)
Scaphopetalum blackii var. letestui (Pellegr.) N.Halle (1961) invalid
Scaphopetalum bruneopurpureum Engl.& Krause (1913)
Scaphopetalum dewevrei Dewild.& Th.Dur. (1900)
Scaphopetalum discolor Engl.& Krause (1913)
Scaphopetalum letestui Pellegr. (1921) synoniem
Scaphopetalum longepedunculatum Mast. (1869)
Scaphopetalum macranthum K.Schum. (1900)
Scaphopetalum mannii Mast.] (1869)
Scaphopetalum monophysca K.Schum. (1900) synoniem
Scaphopetalum ngouyense Pellegr. (1921)
Scaphopetalum obiangianum M.E.Leal (2007)
Scaphopetalum pallidinervis Engl.& Krause (1911)
Scaphopetalum parvifolium Baker f. (1913)
Scaphopetalum paxii H.Winkl. (1908)
Scaphopetalum riparia Engl.& Krause (1911)
Scaphopetalum staudtii K. Schum. nomen nudus synomiem of Cola marsupium K.Schum.
Scaphopetalum stipulosum K.Schum. (1900)
Scaphopetalum talbotii Bak.f. (1913)
Scaphopetalum thonneri Dewild.& Th.Dur. (1897)
Scaphopetalum thonneri var. klainei Pierre ex N.Halle (1961) invalid
Scaphopetalum vanderystii R.Germain (1961)
Scaphopetalum dewevrei var. suborophylla R.Germain (1961)
Scaphopetalum zenkeri K.Schum. (1900)

References

Master, M. T. (1869) On some points in morphology of the Malvales, together with a description of a new genus of Buetnerieae, Journal of the Linnean Society 10: 18-30.

Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, Blumea 52 : 137-138.

Bibliography

Chevalier A. (1920) Explorations Botaniques de Afrique Occidental Francais i: 85
De Wildeman & T. Durand (1897) Bulletin Societe Royal Botanique Belgique xxxix. 97
Engler & K. Krause (1912) Botanisch Jahrbucher (sys) xlviii: 553