Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Superfamilia: Myobatrachoidea
Familia: Myobatrachidae
Genera (14): Anstisia – Arenophryne - Assa - Crinia - Geocrinia - Metacrinia - Mixophyes - Myobatrachus - Paracrinia - Pseudophryne - Rheobatrachus - Spicospina - Taudactylus - Uperoleia
Name
Myobatrachidae Schlegel in Gray, 1850
Type genus: Myobatrachus Schlegel, 1850.
Synonymy
Myobatrachinae Schlegel in Gray, 1850: 10
Myiobatrachidae Bonaparte, 1850
Uperoliidae Günther, 1858
Criniae Cope, 1866
Uperoleiidae — Keferstein, 1867
Uperoliina — Mivart, 1869
Myobatrachida — Knauer, 1883
Criniinae — Noble, 1931
Myobatrachinae — Parker, 1940
Myobatrachidae — Lynch, 1973
Rheobatrachinae Heyer & Liem, 1976
Rheobatrachidae — Laurent, 1980
References
Primary references
Gray, J.E. 1850. Description of a new genus of batrachians from Swan River. By Dr. H. Schlegel, Curator of the Royal Zoological Museum, Leyden. (Extracted from a letter to J. E. Gray, Esq.). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1850: 9–10.
Lynch, J.D. 1973. The transition from archaic to advanced frogs. pp. 133–182 in Vial, J.L. (ed.). Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. University of Missouri Press: Columbia, Missouri.
Additional references
Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P.E., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370. DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2 Paywall; hdl: 2246/5781 Open access. Reference page.
Blackburn, D.C. & Wake, D.B. 2011. Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. Pp 39–55 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. Reference page.
Pyron, R.A. & Wiens, J.J. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2,800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61(2): 543–583. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012 Paywall Reference page.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Australische Südfrösche
English: Australian Froglets
日本語: カメガエル科
polski: Żółwinkowate
Myobatrachidae, commonly known as Australian ground frogs or Australian water frogs, is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. Members of this family vary greatly in size, from species less than 1.5 cm (0.59 in) long, to the second-largest frog in Australia, the giant barred frog (Mixophyes iteratus), at 12 cm (4.7 in) in length. The entire family is either terrestrial or aquatic frogs, with no arboreal species.
Characteristics
The family Myobatrachidae contains forms of parental care unique in the animal kingdom. The two species of gastric-brooding frog (genus: Rheobatrachus), are found in this family. The females of these species swallow their young, where they develop until metamorphosis. The pouched frog (Assa darlingtoni) has pouches on the sides of its body. The male will guard the eggs until hatching, and assist the tadpoles into its side, where they stay until metamorphosis.[1] Another form of parental care, although not unique, is found in many species of the genus Limnodynastes, where the male buries himself near an egg mass, and protects the eggs.
While many species are adapted to burrowing, helping them survive in semiarid or seasonally arid environments, the turtle frog and sandhill frog go so far as to lay their eggs directly into moist sand several feet below the surface, rather than into water. These species lack tadpoles, with the eggs hatching directly into miniature frogs.[1]
These frogs lack adhesive toe discs found in the tree frogs. The family is broken into subfamilies based mainly upon their egg-laying habits. Those of the subfamily Limnodynastinae lay foam nests. The female creates foam by agitating a chemical on her skin with her hands. The foam may float on top of water, or be on land. The subfamily Rheobatrachinae contains the two species of gastric-brooding frogs, and the rest are within the subfamily Myobatrachinae.
Taxonomy
The following genera are recognised in the family Myobatrachidae.[2] Some taxonomists split these genera into two subfamilies, Myobatrachinae and Rheobatrachinae, while other sources include Limnodynastinae as a subfamily of Myobatrachidae.
| Species | Common name | Genus |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | Western ground froglets | Anstisia Webster and Bool, 2022 |
| 2 | Australian dumpy frogs | Arenophryne Tyler, 1976 |
| 2 | Pouched frogs | Assa Tyler, 1972 |
| 17 | Australian froglets | Crinia Tschudi, 1838 |
| 3 | Ground froglets | Geocrinia Blake, 1973 |
| 1 | Nicholls' toadlet | Metacrinia Parker, 1940 |
| 9 | Barred frogs | Mixophyes Günther, 1864 |
| 1 | Turtle frog | Myobatrachus Schlegel In Gray, 1850 |
| 1 | Haswell's frog | Paracrinia Heyer & Liem, 1976 |
| 13 | Crowned toadlet | Pseudophryne Fitzinger, 1843 |
| 2 | Gastric-brooding frogs | †Rheobatrachus Liem, 1973 |
| 1 | Sunset frog | Spicospina Roberts et al., 1997 |
| 6 | Australian torrent frogs | Taudactylus Straughan & Lee, 1966 |
| 29 | Australian toadlets | Uperoleia Gray, 1841 |
Notes
Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 90–91. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
"Myobatrachidae Schlegel, 1850 | Amphibian Species of the World". amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
References
Cogger, H.G.; R.G. Zweifel; D. Kirschner (2004). Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians Second Edition. Fog City Press. ISBN 1-877019-69-0.
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