Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Superfamilia: Myobatrachoidea
Familia: Myobatrachidae
Genus: Uperoleia
Species: U. altissima – U. arenicola – U. aspera – U. borealis – U. capitulata – U. crassa – U. daviesae – U. fusca – U. glandulosa – U. inundata – U. laevigata – U. lithomoda – U. littlejohni – U. mahonyi – U. marmorata – U. martini – U. micra – U. micromeles – U. mimula – U. minima – U. mjobergii – U. orientalis – U. rugosa – U. russelli – U. saxatilis – U. stridera – U. talpa – U. trachyderma – U. tyleri
Name
Uperoleia Gray, 1841
Type species: Uperoleia marmorata Gray, 1841, by monotypy.
Synonyms
Hyperolia — Cope, 1865
Glauertia Loveridge, 1933
Hosmeria Wells & Wellington, 1985
Prohartia Wells & Wellington, 1985
References
Primary references
Gray, 1841, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 1, 7: 90.
Additional references
Catullo, R.A., Doughty, P., Roberts, J.D. & Keogh, J.S. 2011. Multi-locus phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Uperoleia toadlets (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the western arid zone of Australia, with a description of a new species. Zootaxa 2902(1): 1–43. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2902.1.1 Open access Reference page.
Catullo, R.A., Doughty, P. & Keogh, J.S. 2014. A new frog species (Myobatrachidae: Uperoleia) from the Northern Deserts region of Australia, with a redescription of U. trachyderma. Zootaxa 3753(3): 251–262. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.3.4 Paywall Reference page.
Clulow, S., Anstis, M., Keogh, J.S. & Catullo, R.A. 2016. A new species of Australian frog (Myobatrachidae: Uperoleia) from the New South Wales mid-north coast sandplains. Zootaxa 4184(2): 285–315. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.2.3 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Australian Toadlets
Uperoleia is a genus of frogs in the family Myobatrachidae. They are native to northern and eastern Australia and southern lowlands of New Guinea.[1] These are small squat frogs, more commonly known as "toadlets". They have glandular skin, often with a pair of raised glands behind each eye, or on the flanks.
They have bumpy, rough skin giving them the appearance of a small toad, hence the name "toadlet", although they are often called "gungans" in Queensland. There are two distinct types of calls—Uperoleia species make either a "click" or a "squelch". Generally, the "clicking" Uperoleia have long thin inguinal glands that run along the dorsal surface, while the "squelching" Uperoleia have round inguinal glands restricted to the posterior half of the dorsal surface. It is unusual to find more than one species of "clickers" or "squelchers" in the same location, although finding one of each is quite frequent in northern Australia. The species in this genus show great similarities in body shape and colouration making them difficult to tell apart. Call analysis is often required to confirm identification.[citation needed] This genus is the largest of any in the family Myobatrachidae.[2][3]
Clicking Uperoleia include U. glandulosa, U. aspera, U. minima, U. trachyderma, U. lithomoda, U. littlejohni, U. altissima, U. mimula, and U. rugosa. The squelching Uperoleia include U. russelli, U. saxatilis, U. talpa, U. borealis, U. crassa, and U. inundata. The eastern species U. laevigata, U. fusca, U. tyleri, and U. martini are also squelchers, but are distantly related. The species U. mjobergi, U. micromeles, U. micra, and U. daviesae are distinct from these other groups.[2]
Species
Following the Amphibian Species of the World, there are 29 species:[4]
Common name Binomial name
Montane toadlet Uperoleia altissima
Davies, Watson, McDonald, Trenerry & Werren, 1993
Jabiru toadlet Uperoleia arenicola Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Derby toadlet Uperoleia aspera Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Northern toadlet Uperoleia borealis Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Fat toadlet Uperoleia crassa Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Howard Springs toadlet Uperoleia daviesae Young, Tyler & Kent, 2005
Dusky toadlet Uperoleia fusca Davies, McDonald & Corben, 1986
Glandular toadlet Uperoleia glandulosa Davies, Mahony & Roberts, 1985
Gurrumul's toadlet Uperoleia gurrumuli Catullo & Keogh, 2021
Flood plain toadlet Uperoleia inundata Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Smooth toadlet Uperoleia laevigata Keferstein, 1867
Stonemason's toadlet Uperoleia lithomoda Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Littlejohn's toadlet Uperoleia littlejohni Davies, McDonald & Corben, 1986
Mahony's toadlet Uperoleia mahonyi Clulow, Anstis, Keogh, and Catullo, 2016
Marbled toadlet, yellow-spotted toadlet Uperoleia marmorata Gray, 1841
Martin's toadlet Uperoleia martini Davies & Littlejohn, 1986
Tiny toadlet Uperoleia micra Doughty and Roberts, 2008
Tanami toadlet Uperoleia micromeles Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Mimic toadlet Uperoleia mimula Davies, McDonald & Corben, 1986
Small toadlet Uperoleia minima Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Mjoberg's toadlet Uperoleia mjobergi (Andersson, 1913)
Alexandria toadlet Uperoleia orientalis (Parker, 1940)
Wrinkled toadlet, red-groined toadlet Uperoleia rugosa (Andersson, 1916)
Russell's toadlet Uperoleia russelli (Loveridge, 1933)
Pilbara toadlet Uperoleia saxatilis Catullo et al., 2011[2]
Ratcheting toadlet Uperoleia stridera Catullo, Doughty, and Keogh, 2014
Mole toadlet Uperoleia talpa Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Blacksoil toadlet Uperoleia trachyderma Tyler, Davies & Martin, 1981
Tyler's toadlet Uperoleia tyleri Davies & Littlejohn, 1986
Note that the AmphibiaWeb recognizes the small-headed toadlet (Uperoleia capitulata (Davies, McDonald & Corben, 1986)),[5] a species that the Amphibian Species of the World, following Catullo and Keogh (2014),[6] treats as a synonym of the wrinkled toadlet (Uperoleia rugosa).[1]
References
Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Uperoleia Gray, 1841". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Catullo, R.A.; Doughty, P.; Roberts, J.D.; Keogh, J.S. (2011). "Multi-locus phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Uperoleia toadlets (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the western arid zone of Australia, with a description of a new species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2902: 1–43. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2902.1.1.
Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Myobatrachidae Schlegel, 1850". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
"Uperoleia Gray, 1841 | Amphibian Species of the World". amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
"Myobatrachidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Catullo, R.A.; Keogh, J.S. (2014). "Aridification drove repeated episodes of diversification between Australian biomes: Evidence from a multi-locus phylogeny of Australian toadlets (Uperoleia: Myobatrachidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 79: 106–117. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.012. PMID 24971737.
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