Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Orthokaryota
Cladus: Neokaryota
Cladus: Scotokaryota
Cladus: Podiata
Cladus: Amorphea
Cladus: Obazoa
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Cladus: Filozoa
Cladus: Choanozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Cladus: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Nyctibatrachidae
Subfamiliae (3): Astrobatrachinae – Lankanectinae – Nyctibatrachinae
Name
Nyctibatrachidae Blommers-Schlösser, 1993
Type genus: Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882.
Synonymy
Nyctibatrachinae Blommers-Schlösser, 1993: 211
Lankanectinae Dubois & Ohler, 2001: 82
Nyctibatrachidae — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006: 247
Astrobatrachinae Vijayakumar, Pyron, Dinesh, Torsekar, Srikanthan, Swamy, Stanley, Blackburn & Shanker, 2019: 23
References
Primary references
Blommers-Schlösser, R.M.A. 1993. Systematic relationships of the Mantellinae Laurent 1946 (Anura, Ranoidea). Ethology, Ecology & Evolution 5: 199–218.
Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P.E., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370. DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2 Paywall; hdl: 2246/5781 Open access. Reference page.
Additional references
Blackburn, D.C. & Wake, D.B. 2011. Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. Pp 39–55 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. Reference page.
Pyron, R.A. & Wiens, J.J. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2,800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61(2): 543–583. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012 Paywall Reference page.
Vijayakumar, S.P., Pyron, R.A., Dinesh, K.P., Torsekar, V.R., Srikanthan, A.N., Swamy, P., Stanley, E.L., Blackburn, D.C. & Shanker, K. 2019. A new ancient lineage of frog (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae: Astrobatrachinae subfam. nov.) endemic to the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. PeerJ 7: e6457. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6457 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Night Frogs
Nyctibatrachidae is a small family of frogs found in the Western Ghats of India and in Sri Lanka.[1] Their common name is robust frogs.[2] Recognition of Nyctibatrachidae as a family is fairly recent. These frogs were previously placed in the broadly defined family Ranidae, which was more recently divided into three subfamilies: Lankanectinae, Nyctibatrachinae, and Astrobatrachinae.[3][4]
Genera
The family contains three genera in their own subfamilies:[2][1][4]
Subfamily Astrobatrachinae
Astrobatrachus Vijayakumar et al., 2019 (Western Ghats of southwestern India – 1 species)
Subfamily Lankanectinae
Lankanectes Dubois and Ohler, 2001 (Sri Lanka – 2 species)
Subfamily Nyctibatrachinae
Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 (Western Ghats of southwestern India – 28 species)
Description
Nyctibatrachus are robust-bodied frogs that range in size from small (snout–vent length <20 mm in Nyctibatrachus beddomii) to relatively large (up to 84 mm Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis). They occur in near streams in hilly evergreen forests. Lankanectes is an aquatic species of slow-moving rivers in marshy areas.[5]
References
"Nyctibatrachidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Nyctibatrachidae Blommers-Schlösser, 1993". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
Shanker, Kartik; Blackburn, David C.; Stanley, Edward L.; Swamy, Priyanka; Srikanthan, Achyuthan N.; Torsekar, Varun R.; Dinesh, K. P.; Pyron, Robert Alexander; Vijayakumar, Seenapuram Palaniswamy (2019-03-12). "A new ancient lineage of frog (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae: Astrobatrachinae subfam. nov.) endemic to the Western Ghats of Peninsular India". PeerJ. 7: e6457. doi:10.7717/peerj.6457. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6419720. PMID 30881763.
Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 509–510.
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