Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Hylidae
Subfamilia: Lophyohylinae
Genus: Phyllodytes
Species (16): P. acuminatus – P. amadoi – P. brevirostris – P. edelmoi – P. gyrinaethes – P. iuna – P. kautskyi – P. luteolus – P. maculosus – P. magnus – P. megatympanum – P. melanomystax – P. praeceptor – P. punctatus – P. tuberculosus – P. wuchereri
Name
Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830: 202
Type species: Hyla luteola Wied-Neuwied, 1824, by monotypy.
Synonymy
Amphodus Peters, 1873: 768 [synonymized by Bokermann (1966: 355–344)]
Type species: Amphodus wuchereri Peters, 1872, by original designation.
Lophyohyla Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923: 5 [synonymyzed with Amphodus by Goin (1961: 7)]
Type species: Lophyohyla piperata Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923, by original designation.
Lophiohyla — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926: 64 [incorrect subsequent spelling]
References
Primary references
Wagler, J.G. 1830. Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugetiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung: München, Stuttgart, & Tübingen. 354 pp. BHL Reference page.
Peters, W. [1872] 1873. Über eine, zwei neue Gattungen enthaltende, Sammlung von Batrachiern des Hrn. Dr. O. Wucherer aus Bahia, so wie über einge neue oder weniger bekannte Saurier. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1872: 768–776. BHL
Miranda-Ribeiro, A. 1923. As Phyllomesusas do Museo Paulista. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 1: 3–6.
Additional references
Caramaschi, U., Peixoto, O.L. & Rodrigues, M.T. 2004. Revalidation and redescription of Phyllodytes wuchereri (Peters, 1873) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional 62(2): 185–191. BHL Reference page.
Faivovich, J., Haddad, C.F.B., Garcia, P.C.A., Frost, D.R., Campbell, J.A. & Wheller, W.C. 2005. Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 294: 1–240. DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2005)294[0001:SROTFF]2.0.CO;2 Paywall; hdl: 2246/462 Open access Reference page.
Jowers, M.J., Downie, J.R. & Cohen, B.L. 2009. The Golden Tree Frog of Trinidad, Phyllodytes auratus (Anura: Hylidae): systematic and conservation status. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 43(2): 181–188. DOI: 10.1080/01650520801965490 Paywall Reference page.
Marciano Jr., E., Lantyer-Silva, A.S.F. & Solé, M. 2017. A new species of Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830 (Anura, Hylidae) from the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 4238(1): 135–142. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4238.1.11 Paywall Reference page.
Vörös, J., Dias, I.R. & Solé, M. 2017. A new species of Phyllodytes (Anura: Hylidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 4337(4): 584–594. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.4.9 Paywall Reference page.
Orrico, V.G.D., Dias, I.R. & Marciano, Jr., E. 2018. Another new species of Phyllodytes (Anura: Hylidae) from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4407(1): 101–110. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4407.1.6 Paywall Reference page.
Dias, I.R., Novaes-e-Fagundes, G., Mollo Neto, A., Zina, J., Garcia, C., Recoder, R.S., Dal Vechio, F., Rodrigues, M.T. & Solé, M. 2020. A new large canopy-dwelling species of Phyllodytes Wagler, 1930 (Anura, Hylidae) from the Atlantic Forest of the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. PeerJ 8: e8642. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8642 Open access Reference page.
Santos, L.S., Roseno, R.S., Solé, M. & Dias, I.R. 2023. Another new species (and it’s not over yet) of Phyllodytes Wagler, 1930 (Anura, Hylidae) from the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 5374(4): 519–532. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5374.4.4 Paywall Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Heart-tongued Frogs
Phyllodytes is a genus of frogs (heart-tongued frogs) in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to eastern Brazil.[1]
Taxonomy
Based on genetic evidence, genus Phytotriades was erected in 2009 to remedy polyphyly of Phyllodytes as then defined.[2][3] It remains to be elucidated which Phyllodytes species, apart from Phytotriades (=Phyllodytes) auratus, the type species of the genus Phytotriades, might belong to Phytotriades instead of Phyllodytes.[3] With Phytotriades auratus from Trinidad and Venezuela placed in its own genus, the remaining Phyllodytes species are all endemic to Brazil.[1][4]
Description
These are small arboreal frogs which live and breed exclusively on epiphytic bromeliad plants. They have large odontoids ("fangs") on the dentaries.[2][5] Male Phyllodytes do vocalize, in contrast to Phytotriades.[2]
Species
This genus includes 14 species:[1]
Binomial name and author Common name
Phyllodytes acuminatus Bokermann, 1966 Alagoas heart-tongued frog
Phyllodytes amadoi Vörös, Dias, and Solé, 2017
Phyllodytes brevirostris Peixoto & Cruz, 1988 Alhandra heart-tongued frog
Phyllodytes edelmoi Peixoto, Caramaschi & Freire, 2003
Phyllodytes gyrinaethes Peixoto, Caramaschi & Freire, 2003
Phyllodytes kautskyi Peixoto & Cruz, 1988 Brazilian heart-tongued frog
Phyllodytes luteolus Wied-Neuwied, 1824 yellow heart-tongued frog
Phyllodytes maculosus Cruz, Feio & Cardoso, 2007
Phyllodytes megatympanum Marciano, Lantyer-Silva & Solé, 2017
Phyllodytes melanomystax Caramaschi, da Silva & Britto-Pereira, 1992 Bahia heart-tongued frog
Phyllodytes praeceptor Orrico, Dias, and Marciano, 2018
Phyllodytes punctatus Caramaschi & Peixoto, 2004
Phyllodytes tuberculosus Bokermann, 1966 Maracas heart-tongued frog
Phyllodytes wuchereri Peters, 1873
AmphibiaWeb continues to include Phytotriades auratus in this genus.[6]
References
Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
Jowers, Michael J.; Downie, J. R.; Cohen, B. L. (2008). "The Golden Tree Frog of Trinidad, Phyllodytes auratus (Anura: Hylidae): systematic and conservation status". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 43 (3): 181–188. doi:10.1080/01650520801965490. S2CID 85604118.
Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Phytotriades Jowers, Downieb, and Cohen, 2009". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
Rivas-Fuenmayor, G. A.; de Freitas S., M. (2015). "Discovery of the critically endangered Golden Tree Frog, Phytotriades auratus (Boulenger, 1917), in eastern Venezuela, with comments on its distribution, conservation, and biogeography". Herpetological Review. 46: 153–157.
Caramaschi, U.; O. L. Peixoto; M. T. Rodrigues (2004). "Revalidation and redescription of Phyllodytes wuchereri (Peters, 1873) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)" (PDF). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 62 (2): 185–191.
"Hylidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
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