Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Metopophora
Cladus: Haptodontiformes
Cladus: Sphenacomorpha
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Eutheriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Epicynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliamorpha
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Cladus: Theriimorpha
Cladus: Theriiformes
Cladus: Trechnotheria
Cladus: Cladotheria
Cladus: Prototribosphenida
Cladus: Zatheria
Cladus: Tribosphenida
Cladus: Boreosphenida
Subclassis: Theria
Cladus: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Magnordo: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Grandordo: Ferungulata
Mirordo: Euungulata
Ordo: Perissodactyla
Superfamilia: Equoidea
Classis: Mammalia
Ordo: Perissodactyla
Superfamilia: Equoidea
Familiae: Equidae – †Palaeotheriidae
Name
Equoidea Gray, 1821: 307 ["Equidae"]
References
Primary references
Gray, J.E. 1821. On the Natural Arrangement of Vertebrose Animals. London Medical Repository 15: 296–310. HathiTrust. Reference page.
Equoidea is a superfamily of hippomorph perissodactyls containing the Equidae, Palaeotheriidae, and other basal equoids of unclear affinities, of which members of the genus Equus are the only extant species. The earliest fossil record of the Equoidea proves unclear, but they possibly could have originated during the late Paleocene in Europe or Asia. Definite fossil records of equoids are recorded by the earliest Eocene, in which the earliest equids in North America and basal equoids of unclear affinities in Europe both appeared.[1] Palaeotheres are thought to have originated later in the early Eocene of Europe, although some researchers disagree on whether the subfamily Pachynolophinae belongs to the Palaeotheriidae.[2][3][4]
Equoids may in part be defined by dental synapomorphies from its molars.[5] Equoids were originally brachyodont (low-crowned) in dentition, but the morphologies of their molars had changed to adapt to different diets. Living equids are hypsodont, the result of evolutionary adaptations towards grazing diets.[6]
References
Bronnert, Constance; Métais, Grégoire (2023). "Early Eocene hippomorph perissodactyls (Mammalia) from the Paris Basin". Geodiversitas. 45 (9): 277–326. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a9.
Remy, Jean A.; Krasovec, Gabriel; Lopez, Éric; Marandat, Bernard; Lihoreau, Fabrice (2019). "The Palaeotheriidae (Equoidea, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Eocene fauna of Aumelas (Hérault department, France)". Geodiversitas. 41 (1): 525–585. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a13.
Bai, Bin (2017). "Eocene Pachynolophinae (Perissodactyla, Palaeotheriidae) from China, and their palaeobiogeographical implications". Palaeontology. 60 (6): 837–852. doi:10.1111/pala.12319.
Remy, Jean A. (2017). "Critical comments on the genus Propachynolophus Lemoine, 1891 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equoidea)". Palaeovertebrata. 41: 1–18. doi:10.18563/pv.41.1.e3.
Hooker, Jerry J. (1994). "The beginning of the equoid radiation". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 112 (1–2): 29–63. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1994.tb00311.x.
Engels, Sandra; Schultz, Julia A. (2018). "Evolution of the power stroke in early Equoidea (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 99: 271–291. doi:10.1007/s12549-018-0341-4.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
