Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Metopophora
Cladus: Haptodontiformes
Cladus: Sphenacomorpha
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Eutheriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Epicynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliamorpha
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Cladus: Theriimorpha
Cladus: Theriiformes
Cladus: Trechnotheria
Cladus: Cladotheria
Cladus: Prototribosphenida
Cladus: Zatheria
Cladus: Tribosphenida
Cladus: Boreosphenida
Subclassis: Theria
Cladus: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Magnordo: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Grandordo: Euarchonta
Mirordo: Primatomorpha
Ordo: Primates
Subordo: Strepsirrhini
Infraordo: Lemuriformes
Superfamilia: Lemuroidea
Familia: Lemuridae
Genus: Eulemur
Species (12): E. albifrons – E. cinereiceps – E. collaris – E. coronatus – E. flavifrons – E. fulvus – E. macaco – E. mongoz – E. rubriventer – E. rufifrons – E. rufus – E. sanfordi
Name
Eulemur Simons & Rumpler, 1988: 550
Type species: Lemur mongoz Linnaeus, 1766, by original designation.
Synonyms
Petterus Groves & Eaglen, 1988: 533
Type species: Lemur fulvus É. Geoffroy, 1796, by original designation.
References
Primary references
Simons, E.L. & Rumpler, Y. 1988. Eulemur: New generic name for species of Lemur other than Lemur catta. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III 307(9): 547–551. BnF Gallica Reference page.
Groves, C.P. & Eaglen, R.H. 1988. Systematics of the Lemuridae (Primates, Strepsirhini). Journal of Human Evolution 17(5): 513–538. DOI: 10.1016/0047-2484(88)90040-1 Paywall Reference page.
Tattersall, I. & Koopman, K. 1989. A further note on nomenclature in Lemuridae. Journal of Human Evolution 18(5): 499–500. DOI: 10.1016/0047-2484(89)90079-1 Paywall Reference page.
Additional references
Markolf, M., Rakotonirina, H., Fichtel, C., Grumbkow, P., Brameier, M. & Kappeler, P.M. 2013. True lemurs…true species - species delimitation using multiple data sources in the brown lemur complex. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 233. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-233 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Große Makis
English: Brown Lemurs
日本語: キツネザル属
Nederlands: Echte maki's
True lemurs, also known as brown lemurs, are the lemurs in genus Eulemur. They are medium-sized primates that live exclusively on Madagascar.
The fur of the true lemurs is long and usually reddish brown. Often, sexual dimorphism in coloration (sexual dichromatism) is seen, such as in the black lemur. True lemurs are from 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 in) in length, with a tail that is as long or significantly longer than the body. They weigh from 2 to 4 kg (4 to 9 lb).
True lemurs are predominantly diurnal forest inhabitants, with some species preferring rain forests, while others live in dry forests. They are skillful climbers and can cross large distances in trees by jumping, using their nonprehensile tails to aid in balancing. When on the ground, they move almost exclusively on all four legs. True lemurs are social animals and live together in groups of two to 15 members.
The diet of the true lemurs is almost exclusively herbivorous – flowers, fruits and leaves. In captivity, they have been shown to also eat insects.
Gestation is 125 days. During the summer or early fall (shortly before the beginning of the rainy season), the females birth their young, usually two offspring. The young clasp firmly to the fur of their mother, then ride on her back when they are older. After about five months, they are weaned, and they are fully mature around 18 months of age. The life expectancy of the true lemurs can be up to 18 years, but this can be longer in captivity.
Classification
Genus Eulemur
Common brown lemur, E. fulvus
Sanford's brown lemur, E. sanfordi
White-headed lemur, E. albifrons
Red lemur, E. rufus
Red-fronted lemur, E. rufifrons
Collared brown lemur, E. collaris
Gray-headed lemur, E. cinereiceps
Black lemur, E. macaco
Blue-eyed black lemur, E. flavifrons
Crowned lemur, E. coronatus
Red-bellied lemur, E. rubriventer
Mongoose lemur, E. mongoz
Survival
Brown lemurs are able to survive degraded forest that would cut off their food supply through expanding their range throughout the terrain.
References
Groves, C. P. (2005). "Genus Eulemur". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 114–116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
"Checklist of CITES Species". CITES. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
"IUCN 2014". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
External links
Wikispecies has information related to True lemur.
ARKive - images and movies of the collared brown lemur (Eulemur collaris)
Primate Info Net Eulemur Factsheets
Further reading
Markolf, M.; Kappeler, P. M. (2013). "Phylogeographic analysis of the true lemurs (genus Eulemur) underlines the role of river catchments for the evolution of micro-endemism in Madagascar". Frontiers in Zoology. 10 (1): 70. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-10-70. PMC 3835867. PMID 24228694.
Campera, Marco; et al. (2014). "Effects of Habitat Quality and Seasonality on Ranging Patterns of Collared Brown Lemur (Eulemur Collaris) in Littoral Forest Fragments". International Journal of Primatology. 35 (5): 957–975. doi:10.1007/s10764-014-9780-6. S2CID 15249267.
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