Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Metopophora
Cladus: Haptodontiformes
Cladus: Sphenacomorpha
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Eutheriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Epicynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliamorpha
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Cladus: Theriimorpha
Cladus: Theriiformes
Cladus: Trechnotheria
Cladus: Cladotheria
Cladus: Prototribosphenida
Cladus: Zatheria
Cladus: Tribosphenida
Cladus: Boreosphenida
Subclassis: Theria
Cladus: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Magnordo: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Euarchontoglires
Cladus: Gliriformes
Grandordo: Glires
Mirordo: Simplicidentata
Ordo: Rodentia
Subordo: Myomorpha
Superfamilia: Muroidea
Familia: Nesomyidae
Subfamilia: Nesomyinae
Genera (9): Brachytarsomys - Brachyuromys - Eliurus - Gymnuromys - Hypogeomys - Macrotarsomys - Monticolomys - Nesomys - Voalavo
Name
Nesomyinae Forsyth Major, 1897: 714
References
Primary references
Forsyth Major, C.I. 1897. On the Malagasy Rodent Genus Brachyuromys; and on the Mutual Relations of some Groups of the Muridæ (Hesperomyiræ, Microtinæ, Murinæ, and “Spalacidæ”) with each other and with the Malagasy Nesomyinæ. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 65(3): 695–722. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1897.tb03114.x Paywall; BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Carleton, M.D. & Schmidt, D.F. 1990. Systematic Studies of Madagascar's Endemic Rodents (Muroidea, Nesomyinae): an Annotated Gazetteer of Collecting Localities of Known Forms. American Museum Novitates 2987: 1–36. BHL Reference page.
Carleton, M.D. & Goodman, S.M. 1996. Systematic Studies of Madagascar's Endemic Rodents (Muroidea: Nesomyinae): A New Genus and Species from the Central Highlands. Fieldiana Zoology 85: 231–256. BHL Reference page.
Carleton, M.D. & Goodman, S.M. 1998. New Taxa of Nesomyine Rodents (Muroidea: Muridae) from Madagascar's Nnorthern Highlands, with Taxonomic Comments on Previously Described Forms. Fieldiana Zoology 90: 163–200. BHL Reference page.
Musser, G.G. & Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) . Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. 2 volumes. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Malagasy Rats and Mice
The Malagasy rodents are the sole members of the subfamily Nesomyinae.[1] These animals are the only native rodents of Madagascar, come in many shapes and sizes, and occupy a wide variety of ecological niches. There are nesomyines that resemble gerbils, rats, mice, voles, and even rabbits. There are arboreal, terrestrial, and semi-fossorial varieties.
These rodents are clearly most closely related to some muroid rodents found on the African mainland. Some molecular phylogeneticists consider this clade of Malagasy and African rodents to represent a distinct family, the Nesomyidae. Other researchers place the Nesomyinae into a large family, Muridae, along with all members of the superfamily Muroidea.
It has been reported that the Nesomyinae is not monophyletic,[2] but this has not been supported in other analyses. Additionally, there were problems with this particular study, notably the use of Calomyscus as an outgroup while more distantly related muroids (rhyzomyines) were included in the ingroup. It seems likely that all rodents in Madagascar are descendants from a single invasion of the island.
If monophyletic, the nesomyines represent one of only four colonization events of terrestrial mammals from mainland Africa. The other groups are tenrecs, lemurs and Malagasy carnivorans. Molecular clock analyses suggest that the ancestor of the nesomyines colonized Madagascar about 20-25 million years ago.[3] This is at approximately the same time as the Malagasy carnivorans, but is considerably more recent than the estimated colonization times of tenrecs and lemurs.
Nesomyinae contains 9 genera and 27 species.
Taxonomy
Subfamily Nesomyinae - Malagasy rodents
Genus Brachytarsomys - Malagasy white-tailed rats
White-tailed antsangy, Brachytarsomys albicauda
Brachytarsomys mahajambaensis (extinct)
Hairy-tailed antsangy, Brachytarsomys villosa
Genus Brachyuromys - Malagasy short-tailed rats
Betsileo short-tailed rat, Brachyuromys betsileoensis
Gregarious short-tailed rat, Brachyuromys ramirohitra
Genus Eliurus - Tufted-tailed rats
Tsingy tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus antsingy
Ankarana Special Reserve tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus carletoni
Ellerman's tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus ellermani
Daniel's tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus danieli
Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus grandidieri
Major's tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus majori
Lesser tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus minor
Dormouse tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus myoxinus
White-tipped tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus penicillatus
Petter's tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus petteri
Tanala tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus tanala
Webb's tufted-tailed rat, Eliurus webbi
Genus Gymnuromys
Voalavoanala, Gymnuromys roberti
Genus Hypogeomys
Votsovotsa (Malagasy giant rat), Hypogeomys antimena
Hypogeomys australis (extinct)
Genus Macrotarsomys - Big-footed mice
Bastard big-footed mouse, Macrotarsomys bastardi
Greater big-footed mouse, Macrotarsomys ingens
Petter's big-footed mouse, Macrotarsomys petteri
Genus Monticolomys
Malagasy mountain mouse, Monticolomys koopmani
Genus Nesomys
White-bellied nesomys, Nesomys audeberti
Western nesomys, Nesomys lambertoni
Nesomys narindaensis (extinct)
Island mouse, Nesomys rufus
Genus Voalavo
Eastern voalavo, Voalavo antsahabensis
Northern voalavo, Voalavo gymnocaudus
References
Musser, G. G.; Carleton, M. D. (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 947. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Jansa, S.A.; Weksler, M. (2004). "Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (1): 256–276. Bibcode:2004MolPE..31..256J. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002. PMID 15019624.
Poux, C.; Madsen, O.; Marquard, E.; Vieites, D. R.; de Jong, W. W.; Vences, M. (2005). "Asynchronous colonization of Madagascar by the four endemic clades of primates, tenrecs, carnivores, and rodents as inferred from nuclear genes". Systematic Biology. 54 (5). Oxford University Press: 719–730. doi:10.1080/10635150500234534. hdl:2066/33251. PMID 16243759.
Jansa, S. A.; Goodman, S. M.; Tucker, P. K. (1999). "Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the native rodents of Madagascar (Muridae, Nesomyinae): a test of the single origin hypothesis" (PDF). Cladistics. 15 (3): 253–270. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00267.x. hdl:2027.42/72349. PMID 34902950. S2CID 221576293. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.
Jansa, S. A.; Weksler, M. (2004). "Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (1): 256–276. Bibcode:2004MolPE..31..256J. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002. PMID 15019624. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20.
Michaux, J.; Reyes, A.; Catzeflis, F. (2001). "Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (11): 2017–31. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003743. PMID 11606698.
Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
Steppan, S. J.; Adkins, R. A.; Anderson, J. (2004). "Phylogeny and divergence date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes". Systematic Biology. 53 (4): 533–553. doi:10.1080/10635150490468701. PMID 15371245.
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