Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Cladus: Theriimorpha
Cladus: Theriiformes
Cladus: Trechnotheria
Cladus: Zatheria
Subclassis: Theria
Cladus: Metatheria
Cladus: Marsupialiformes
Infraclassis: Marsupialia
Ordo: Paucituberculata
Classis: Mammalia
Cohors: Marsupialia
Ordo: Paucituberculata
Superfamiliae (1 + †1): Caenolestoidea – †Palaeothentoidea
Genera incertae sedis (†4): †Bardalestes – †Evolestes – †Fieratherium – †Riolestes
Name
Paucituberculata Ameghino 1894: 332
References
Primary references
Ameghino, F. "1893" [1894?]. Enumeration synoptique des espèces de mammifères fossiles des formations Éocènes de Patagonie. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Córdoba (República Argentina) 13: 259–452. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Groves, C.P. 1993. Order Paucituberculata. Pp. 25 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) . Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 2rd edition. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, D.C. ISBN 978-1-56098-217-3. Reference page.
McKenna, M.C. & Bell, S.K. (eds.). 1997. Classification of mammals: above the species level. Columbia University Press: New York. xii + 631 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Google Books Reference page.
Groves, C.P. 2005. Order Paucituberculata. Pp. 19–20 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) . Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. 2 volumes. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. Reference page.
Goin, F.J., Candela, A.M., Abello, M.A. & Oliveira, E.V. 2009. Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155(4): 867–884. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x
Vernacular names
čeština: Vačíci
Deutsch: Mausopossums
English: Shrew Opossums
español: Ratones Marsupiales
suomi: Pussipäästäiset
français: Opossum Musaraigne
magyar: Cickányoposszum-alakúak
日本語: 少丘歯目
Nederlands: Opossummuizen
polski: Skąpoguzkowce
русский: Ценолесты
Türkçe: Fare keseli sıçanıgiller
українська: Ценолестоподібні
Paucituberculata /ˌpɔːsɪtjuːˌbɜːrkjuːˈleɪtə/ is an order of South American marsupials. Although currently represented only by the seven living species of shrew opossums, this order was formerly much more diverse, with more than 60 extinct species named from the fossil record, particularly from the late Oligocene to early Miocene epochs.[1][2] The earliest paucituberculatans date to the late Paleocene (Itaboraian South American land mammal age).[3] The group went through a pronounced decline in the middle Miocene epoch, which resulted in the extinction of all families of this order except for the living shrew opossums (Caenolestidae). Extinct families of Paucituberculatans include Pichipilidae, Palaeothentidae, and Abderitidae.[2]
Classification
It is one of two clades of Ameridelphia, a paraphyletic group; genetic studies have shown these animals to be a sister group to Australidelphia (i.e., Didelphimorphia branched off first).[4][5]
The Paucituberculata were once considered to be closely related to South American polydolopimorph metatherians, however phylogenetic analyses have found this is not true.[3]
Subdivision
The order is subdivided into:[6][7]
Phylogeny of Paucituberculata[8][9]
†Bardalestes Goin et al. 2009[3]
†Evolestes Goin et al. 2007
†Fieratherium Forasiepi et al. 2013
†Riolestes Goin et al. 2009[3]
Superfamily Caenolestoidea Trouessart 1898
Family Caenolestidae Trouessart 1898
Caenolestes Thomas 1895
†Caenolestoides Arbello, Martin & Cardoso 2021
†Gaimanlestes Arbello, Martin & Cardoso 2021
Lestoros Oehser 1934
†Pliolestes Reig 1955
†Pseudhalmarhiphus Ameghino 1903
Rhyncholestes Osgood 1924
†Stilotherium Ameghino 1887
Superfamily †Palaeothentoidea Goin et al. 2009[10]
†Perulestes Goin & Candela 2004
†Pilchenia Ameghino 1903
†Sasawatsu Goin & Candela 2004
Family †Pichipilidae Marshall 1980
†Phonocdromus Ameghino 1894
†Pichipilus Ameghino 1890
†Quirogalestes Goin & Candela 1998
Family †Abderitidae Ameghino 1889
†Abderites Ameghino 1887
†Parabderites Ameghino 1902
†Pitheculites Ameghino 1902
Family †Palaeothentidae Sinclair 1906
†Chimeralestes Engelman et al. 2017[2]
†Hondathentes Dumont & Brown 1997[11]
Subfamily †Palaeothentinae Sinclair 1906[12]
†Antawallathentes Rincón et al. 2015[13]
†Carlothentes Bown & Fleagle 1993
†Palaeothentes Ameghino 1887
†Palaepanorthus Ameghino 1902
†Propalaeothentes Bown & Fleagle 1993
Subfamily †Acdestinae Bown & Fleagle 1993
†Acdestis Ameghino 1887
†Acdestoides Bown & Fleagle 1993
†Acdestodon Bown & Fleagle 1993
†Titanothentes Rae, Bown & Fleagle 1996
†Trelewthentes Bown & Fleagle 1993
See also
List of mammal genera
List of prehistoric mammals
References
iconMammals portaliconPaleontology portalPrehistoric mammals portal
Abello, María A. (2013). "Analysis of dental homologies and phylogeny of Paucituberculata (Mammalia: Marsupialia)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 109 (2): 441–465. doi:10.1111/bij.12048. hdl:11336/13571.
Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico; Croft, Darin A. (2017). "New palaeothentid marsupials (Paucituberculata) from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia and their implications for the palaeoecology, decline, and extinction of the Palaeothentoidea". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (10): 787–820. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1240112. S2CID 88758358.
Goin, Francisco J.; Candela, Adriana M.; Abello, M. Alejandra; Oliveira, Edison V. (2009). "Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 155 (4): 867–884. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x.
Schiewe, Jessie (2010-07-28). "Australia's marsupials originated in what is now South America, study says". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
Nilsson, M. A.; Churakov, G.; Sommer, M.; Van Tran, N.; Zemann, A.; Brosius, J.; Schmitz, J. (2010-07-27). "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions". PLOS Biology. 8 (7): e1000436. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436. PMC 2910653. PMID 20668664.
Abello, 2007, p.410
Paucituberculata at Fossilworks.org
Alejandra Abello, María; Martin, Gabriel M.; Cardoso, Yamila (2021). "Review of the extinct 'shrew-opossums' (Marsupialia: Caenolestidae), with descriptions of two new genera and three new species from the Early Miocene of southern South America". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (2): 464–498. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa165.
Abello, María Alejandra; Toledo, Nestor; Ortiz-Jaureguizar, Edgardo (2018). "Evolution of South American Paucituberculata (Metatheria: Marsupialia): adaptive radiation and climate changes at the Eocene- Oligocene boundary" (PDF). Historical Biology. 32 (4): 476–493. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1502286.
Palaeothentoidea at Fossilworks.org
Hondathenthes at Fossilworks.org
Paleothentidae at Fossilworks.org
Rincón, Ascanio D.; Shockey, Bruce J.; Anaya, Federico; Solórzano, André (2015). "Palaeothentid Marsupials of the Salla Beds of Bolivia (Late Oligocene): Two New Species and Insights into the Post-Eocene Radiation of Palaeothentoids". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 22 (4): 455–471. doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9295-8. S2CID 2940122.
Bibliography
Abello, María Alejandra (2007). Sistemática y bioestratigrafía de los Paucituberculata (Mammalia, Marsupialia) del Cenozoico de América del Sur (PDF) (PhD thesis). Universidad Nacional de La Plata. pp. 1–438. Retrieved 2017-10-20.
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