Amara

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Adephaga

Familia: Carabidae
Subfamilia: Harpalinae
Supertribus: Pterostichitae
Tribus: Zabrini
Subtribus: Amarina
Genus: Amara
Subgenera: A. (Acorius) – A. (Allobradytus) – A. (Amara) – A. (Amarocelia) – A. (Amathitis) – A. (Ammoleirus) – A. (Ammoxena) – A. (Armatoleirides) – A. (Atlantocnemis) – A. (Bradytodema) – A. (Bradytulus) – A. (Bradytus) – A. (Camptocelia) – A. (Celia) – A. (Cribramara) – A. (Cumeres) – – A. (Eoleirides) – A. (Euderocycla) – A. (Harpaloamara) – A. (Harpalodema) – A. (Heterodema) – A. (Hyalamara) – A. (Iranoleirides) – A. (Leiocnemis) – A. (Leiramara) – A. (Leirides) – A. (Leiromorpha) – A. (Leironotus) – A. (Leuris) – A. (Microleirus) – A. (Neopercosia) – A. (Paracelia) – A. (Paraleirides) – A. (Parapercosia) – A. (Percosia) – A. (Phaenotrichus) – A. (Phanerodonta) – A. (Polysitamara) – A. (Pseudoamara) – A. (Pseudocelia) – A. (Pseudoleirides) – A. (Pseudoleiromorpha) – A. (Reductocelia) – A. (Shunichius) – A. (Xanthamara) – A. (Xenocelia) – A. (Zabroscelis) – A. (Zezea)A. (Curtonotus)

+ Species: A. aeneopolita – A. africana – A. androphoba – A. annapurnensis – A. arusiensis – A. aurata – A. avida – A. baimashanica – A. baimaxueshanica – A. basillaris – A. begemdirica – A. bhutanensis – A. blanchardi – A. boreosichuana – A. bowashanensis – A. browni – A. californica – A. carinata – A. chihuahuae – A. clarkei – A. coarctiloba – A. coelebs – A. conflata – A. confusa – A. consericea – A. convexa – A. crassispina – A. cupreolata – A. danae – A. deparca – A. depressangula – A. dolosa – A. dostali – A. durangensis – A. elborzensis – A. elgonica – A. emancipata – A. exarata – A. exlineae – A. externefoveata – A. fairmairei – A. fairmaireoides – A. forsteri – A. gerdmuelleri – A. gobialtaica – A. harpalina – A. haywardi – A. hejkali – A. idahoana – A. impuncticollis – A. insignis – A. insularis – A. interfluviatilis – A. involans – A. jacobina – A. junkarensis – A. kandbarica – A. kataevi – A. katajewi – A. kilimandjarica – A. kingdonoides – A. koslowi – A. kutscherai – A. lacustris – A. larisae – A. laticarpa – A. latior – A. leleupi – A. lhozhangensis – A. lindrothi – A. lukasi – A. macros – A. macrovata – A. makolskii – A. maoshanica – A. metallicolor – A. mimobeicki – A. mixaltaica – A. molinar – A. multipunctata – A. musculis – A. necinfima – A. neomexicana – A. neoscotica – A. occidentalis – A. ochracea – A. otiosa – A. pennsylvanica – A. pinguicula – A. pomona – A. pseudocoraica – A. pseudoleleupi – A. pterostichina – A. qinghaiensis – A. retingensis – A. rubrica – A. sanjuanensis – A. schwarzi – A. sera – A. shaanxiensis – A. sifanicoides – A. sinuosa – A. splendens – A. sundukowi – A. tenax – A. termaberensis – A. texana – A. thoracica – A. turbata – A. volatilis – A. wengdaensis – A. xueshanica – A. yupeiyuae – A. yushuana – A. zhanglaensis
Name

Amara Bonelli, 1810

Type species: Carabus vulgaris Linné sensu Panzer, 1797: [40, No. 1] (= Amara lunicollis Schiødte, 1837), designated by Samouelle 1819: 152).

Synonyms

Lirus Zimmermann, 1832
Agronoma Gistel, 1848
Authority for synonymy: Bouchard et al., 2011
Type species: Carabus familiaris Duftschmid, 1812
Fixation: subsequent designation by Bouchard et al. (2011)

References
Primary references

Bonelli, F.A. 1810. Observations Entomologiques, Première partie. Mémoires de l’Academie des Sciences de Turin 18: 21–78, Tabula Synoptica. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A.E., Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., Lawrence, J.F., Lyal, C.H.C., Newton, A.F., Reid, C.A.M., Schmitt, M., Ślipiński, S.A. & Smith, A.B.T. 2011. Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 88: 1–972. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.88.807 Open access. PMC: 3088472 Open access. Reference page.
Floate, K.D.; Spence, J.R. 2015: ‘Outbreaks’ of Amara Stephens (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Alberta, Canada. Coleopterists bulletin, 69(1): 114–115. DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-69.1.114 Reference page.
Hieke, F. 1988: DOI: 10.1002/mmnz.19880640203
Hieke, F. 1990: DOI: 10.1002/mmnz.19900660202
Hieke, F. 1997: DOI: 10.1002/mmnz.19970730204
Hieke, F. 2009: Eine neue Art der Gattung Amara Bonelli 1810 (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Zabrini) aus China. animma.x, (30): 7–13. [not seen]
Hieke, F., Kavanaugh, D.H. & Liang, H. 2012: A new species of Amara (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Zabrini) from Sichuan Province, China, with additional records for other Amara species from the region. ZooKeys 254: 47–65. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.254.4223 Reference page.

Links

Amara – Taxon details on Biological Library (BioLib).
Ground beetles of the tribe Zabrini (Carabidae): atlas of beetles of Russia
Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 1 ed. I. Lobl, & A. Smetana, Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 2003 and 2004
ISBN 87-88757-73-0, p.547
Aktueller Katalog der Gattung Amara Bonelli, 1810 Fritz Hieke, Berlin. Stand: 1. I. 2007 (On-line-Publikation)

Vernacular names
English: Sun beetles
lietuvių: Laukažygiai
Nederlands: Glansloopkevers
русский: Тускляк

Amara is a large genus of carabid beetles, commonly called the sun beetles. Many are holarctic, but a few species are neotropical or occur in eastern Asia.[4]

These ground beetles are mostly black or bronze-colored, and many species have a characteristic "bullet-shaped" habitus, as shown in the photos, making them taxonomically difficult for a beginner. They are predominantly herbivorous, with some species known to climb ripening grasses to feed on the seeds. Other species are used as weed control agents. Numerous species are adventive in non-native habitats, particularly species that thrive in synanthropic settings.

Gallery

Subgenera

The following are subgenera of Amara:[5][6]

Acorius Zimmermann, 1831
Allobradytus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1975
Amara Bonelli, 1810
Amarocelia Motschulsky, 1862
Amathitis Zimmermann, 1831
Ammoleirus Tschitscherine, 1899
Ammoxena Tschitscherine, 1894
Armatoleirides Tanaka, 1957
Atlantocnemis Antoine, 1953
Bradytodema Hieke, 1983
Bradytulus Tschitscherine, 1894
Bradytus Stephens, 1827
Camptocelia Jeannel, 1942
Celia Zimmermann, 1832
Cribramara Kryzhanovskij, 1964
Cumeres Andrewes, 1924
Curtonotus Stephens, 1827
Eoleirides Tschitscherine, 1898
Harpaloamara Baliani, 1934
Harpalodema Reitter, 1888
Heterodema Tschitscherine, 1894
Hyalamara Tschitscherine, 1903
Leiocnemis Zimmermann, 1831
Leiramara Hieke, 1988
Leirides Putzeys, 1866
Leiromorpha Ganglbauer, 1891
Leironotus Ganglbauer, 1892
Leuris Lutshnik, 1927
Microleirus Kryzhanovskij, 1974
Neopercosia Hieke, 1978
Paracelia Bedel, 1899
Paraleirides Sainte-Claire Deville, 1906
Parapercosia Tschitscherine, 1899
Percosia Zimmermann, 1832
Phaenotrichus Tschitscherine, 1898
Phanerodonta Tschitscherine, 1894
Polysitamara Kryzhanovskij, 1968
Pseudoamara Baliani, 1934
Pseudocelia Lutshnik, 1935
Pseudoleirides Kryzhanovskij, 1968
Pseudoleiromorpha Hieke, 1981
Reductocelia Lafer, 1989
Shunichius Habu, 1972
Xanthamara Bedel, 1899
Xenocelia Hieke, 2001
Zabrocelis Putzeys, 1866
Zezea Csiki, 1929