Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Subclassis: Acari
Superordo: Acariformes
Ordo: Trombidiformes
Subordo: Prostigmata
Cohort: Eleutherengona
Sectio: Heterostigmata
Superfamilia: Tarsonemoidea
Familia: Tarsonemidae
Subfamiliae (3): Acarapinae - Pseudotarsonemoidinae - Tarsoneminae
Overview of genera
Ceratotarsonemus –Neotarsonemoides – Xenotarsonemus –
Name
Tarsonemidae Kramer, 1877
References
Template:Kramer, 1877
Additional references
Lin, J.-Z. & Zhang, Z.-Q. 2002: Tarsonemidae of the world (Acari: Prostigmata): key to genera, geographical distribution, systematic catalogue & annotated bibliography. Systematic & Applied Acarology Society, London. table of contents Reference page.
Gheblealivand, S.S., Irani-Nejad, K.H., Manzari, S., Moghadam Vahed, M. & Magowski, W.Ł. 2016. A new species and new records of the genus Neotarsonemoides Kaliszewski, 1984 (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from East Azerbaijan province, Northwestern Iran. Zootaxa 4184(1): 63–78. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.1.4. Reference page.
Lofego, A.C., Demite, P.R. & de Moraes, G.J. 2015. A new genus and species of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 3986(5): 561–568. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.5.3. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Pitton, T., Lofengo, A.C. & Rezende, J.M. 2016. Three new species of Xenotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from the northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Zootaxa 4138(3): 534–548. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.8. Reference page.
Rezende, J.M., Lofego, A.C., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G. 2015: New species of Daidalotarsonemus and Excelsotarsonemus (Acari, Tarsonemidae) from the Brazilian rainforest. ZooKeys 475: 1-36. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.475.8827 Reference page.
Rezende, J.M., Lofego, A.C., Gulbronson, C., Bauchan, G.R. & Ochoa, R. 2018. Review of the genus Ceratotarsonemus De Leon, 1956 (Acari: Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae), with description of a new species from the Amazon Forest. Zootaxa 4483(2): 271–294. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.3 Paywall Reference page.
Links
Ochoa, R. (coordinator): Tarsonemidae Species Listing in Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog
arsonemidae is a family of mites, also called thread-footed mites or white mites.
Only a limited number of tarsonemid genera (Steneotarsonemus, Polyphagotarsonemus, Phytonemus, Floridotarsonemus and Tarsonemus) are known to feed on higher plants while most species in this family feed on the thin-walled mycelia of fungi or possibly algal bodies.[1] Even among the plant-feeding tarsonemid mites, most are confined to areas of new growth where cell walls are thin and therefore easily pierced. However two species (the "broad mite" Polyphagotarsonemus latus and the "cyclamen mite" Steneotarsonemus pallidus) are able to feed on older leaves because of their ability to inject toxins during feeding (presumably of salivary gland origin) causing an increase of thin walled cells surrounding feeding sites.[1] This proliferation of new growth often results in leaves that appear stunted, puckered and twisted.[1]
Taxonomy
Subdivision[2]
Subfamily Pseudotarsonemoidinae
Tribe Tarsonemellini
Tribe Pseudotarsonemoidini
Subfamily Acarapinae
Tribe Coreitarsonemini
Subfamily Tarsoneminae
Tribe Hemitarsonemini
Tribe Steneotarsonemini
Tribe Tarsonemini
Tribe Pseudacarapin
Selected genera
Acarapis
Floridotarsonemus
Phytonemus
Polyphagotarsonemus
Steneotarsonemus
Tarsonemus
Control
While little pest management research has been done on the majority of tarsonemid species, comprehensive studies have been made into the biological and chemical control of the cyclamen mite and the broad mite. Chemical trials demonstrated that endosulfan and dicofol consistently reduced densities of P. latus and S. pallidus,[3] and planting stock can be effectively decontaminated through fumigation with methyl bromide or 1,2-dibromoethane.[1] Three entomogenous fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, can effectively manage broad mite infestations, with B. bassiana providing the greatest reduction.[4] Predatory phytoseiid mites, in the genus Neoseiulus, can also successfully control P. latus and S. pallidus under greenhouse and field conditions.[5][6]
References
L. R. Jeppson; Hartford H. Keifer & Edward William Baker (1975). "The Tarsonemidae Kramer". Mites injurious to economic plants. University of California Press. pp. 285–306. ISBN 978-0-520-02381-9.
JIANZHEN LIN & ZHI-QIANG ZHANG. Tarsonemidae of the World. 2002
G. Sterk; G. E. Bal; W. Goossens & D. Bylemans (1997). "Semi-field and field experience in the control of the strawberry mite, Tarsonemus pallidus (Banks) (Acarina: Tarsonemidae)". Parasitica. 53 (1): 25–33.
I. Nugroho & Y. Ibrahim (2004). "Laboratory bioassay of some entomopathogenic fungi against broad mite". Journal of Agricultural Biology. 6 (2): 223 225.
B. A. Croft; P. D. Pratt; G. Koskela & D. Kaufman (1998). "Predation, reproduction, and impact of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on cyclamen mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on strawberry". Journal of Economic Entomology. 91 (6): 1307 1314. doi:10.1093/jee/91.6.1307.
P. G. Weintraub & E. Palevsky (2003). "Distribution and diel movement of the predatory mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris, on greenhouse sweet pepper – preliminary study". IOBC/WPRS Bulletin. 26: 89–94.
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