Microbates collaris

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Certhioidea

Familia: Polioptilidae
Genus: Microbates
Species: Microbates collaris
Subspecies: M. c. collaris – M. c. colombianus – M. c. paraguensis – M. c. perlatus – M. c. torquatus
Name

Microbates collaris (Pelzeln, 1868)

Type locality: Barra do Rio Negro, Marabitanas, Amazonas, Brazil.

Synonyms

Ramphocaenus collaris (protonym)

References

Pelzeln, A. von 1868 (7) - 1870. Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens: Resultate von Johann Natterer Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835. 462 pp. + 59 tt. + 18 index + map. A. Pichler's Witwe & Sohn,1871. Wien. Abth.I, II: 1868; Abth. III, IV: 1870 Abth.2 p. 84 BHL Reference page. Original description p. 157 BHL

Vernacular names
English: Collared Gnatwren
español: Soterillo acollarado
português do Brasil: Bico-assovelado-de-coleira

The collared gnatwren (Microbates collaris) is a species of bird in the family Polioptilidae, the gnatcatchers. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International (BLI) recognize five subspecies of collared gnatwren:[2][3]

M. c. paraguensis Phelps & Phelps Jr. (1946)
M. c. collaris Pelzeln (1868)
M. c. torquatus Sclater & Salvin (1873)
M. c. perlatus Todd (1927)
M. c. colombianus Parkes (1980)

However, the Clements taxonomy has not accepted M. c. torquatus and M. c. colombianus as subspecies. It includes torquatus in collaris and does not seem to address colombianus, though it might be included in perlatus.[4]
Description

The collared gnatwren is approximately 11 cm (4.3 in) long and weighs 10 to 12 g (0.35 to 0.42 oz). The nominate subspecies is brown above and mostly creamy white below. Its head has a brown crown, white supercilium, cheek, and throat, and a thick black line through the eye. The underside has a wide black band across the chest and olive-brown flanks. The sexes are similar. The other subspecies differ in the intensity and in some cases the hue of the upperparts and flanks and the width of some facial markings.[5]
Distribution and habitat

The subspecies of the collared gnatwren are distributed thus:[2]

M. c. paraguensis, eastern Venezuela
M. c. collaris sensu stricto, southeastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and northern Brazil
M. c. torquatus, the Guianas and Brazil's Amapá state
M. c. perlatus sensu stricto, south-southeastern Colombia, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil
M. c. colombianus, south-central Colombia and northeastern Ecuador

The collared gnatwren generally inhabits the undergrowth of wet, humid, terra firme forest, usually near water and mostly below 500 m (1,600 ft) elevation. It seldom occurs in forest edges. In French Guiana and Suriname it occurs in primary rainforest.[5]
Behavior
Feeding

The collared gnatwren's diet is almost exclusively small arthropods. It forages very near the ground picking prey from foliage and probing leaf litter. It often joins mixed-species foraging flocks and may follow army ant swarms.[5]
Breeding

Information on the collared gnatwren's breeding phenology is sparse. A active nest was found in mid-May in Brazil and fledglings were observered in Guyana between August and October. The nest was a bulky cup constructed of rotted leaves lined with soft material and hidden close to the ground in a palmetto. It contained two eggs.[5]
Vocalization

The collared gnatwren's song is "a series of soft, thin notes, 'peeee' or 'eeeeea'" [1]. It has an alarm call [2].[5]
Status

The IUCN has assessed the collared gnatwren as being of Least Concern.[1] "None of the races is restricted to ecoregions considered to be under serious threat according to current and projected conservation status."[5]
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Microbates collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22711571A94301553. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711571A94301553.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (January 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.1)". Retrieved January 14, 2021.
HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 15, 2019
Atwood, J. L. and S. B. Lerman (2020). Collared Gnatwren (Microbates collaris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.colgna1.01 retrieved May 28, 2021