Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Charadriiformes
Subordo: Lari
Familia: Laridae
Subfamilia: Sterninae
Genus: Thalasseus
Species: Thalasseus bernsteini
Name
Thalasseus bernsteini (Schlegel, 1863)
Synonyms
Sterna bernsteini (protonym)
References
Revue méthodique et critique des Collections deposées dans cet Établissement. Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden livr.6 Sternae no.24 p.9 BHL
IUCN: Thalasseus bernsteini (Critically Endangered)
Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Çin kəkilli susüpürəni
brezhoneg: Skrav Bernstein
català: Xatrac de la Xina
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄: Háik-cuōi-duăng hông-tàu iéng-ĕu
čeština: Rybák čínský
Cymraeg: Môr-wennol Tsieina
Deutsch: Bernsteinseeschwalbe
English: Chinese Crested Tern
Esperanto: Ĉina ŝterno
español: Charrán Chino
فارسی: پرستوی دریایی کاکلی چینی
suomi: Filippiinientiira
français: Sterne d'Orient
magyar: Kínai üstököscsér
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Camar Cina Berjambul
Nederlands: Chinese kuifstern
Diné bizaad: Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ tónteel táshchozhii tsiiyahwozhí
polski: Rybitwa chińska
русский: Китайская крачка
svenska: mingtärna
Tiếng Việt: Nhào mào Trung Quốc
中文: 黑嘴端鳳頭燕鷗
The Chinese crested tern (Thalasseus bernsteini) is a tern in the family Laridae. It is the county bird of Lienchiang County, Taiwan.
Description
It is closely related to the Sandwich tern, T. sandvicensis, and the lesser crested tern, T. bengalensis. It is most similar to the former, differing only in the bill pattern, which is the reverse of the Sandwich tern's, being yellow with a black tip. From the lesser crested tern, which it overlaps in wintering distribution, it can be told by the white rump and paler grey mantle, as well as the black tip to the bill, which seen from up close also has a white point. The larger greater crested tern is also similar, differing in its stouter, all-yellow bill and darker grey mantle and rump, as well as in size.
Distribution and conservation
It is a critically endangered species, and previously thought extinct. Only four pairs were rediscovered in 2000 nesting in a greater crested tern colony on an islet in the Matsu Islands (a territory governed by Taiwan), just off the coast of Fujian Province, China, and wintering south to the Philippines. In the past, it had a wider distribution of the Chinese east coast north to Shandong Province. The decline is thought to be due to past hunting and egg collection for food. This colony may have been protected due to the islands' disputed status (administered by the Taiwanese government but claimed by mainland China), and the military sensitivity of the area, which has restricted access. The islet has now been declared a wildlife sanctuary. It is possible that other small colonies may yet be found off the Chinese and Taiwanese coasts; migrant birds have been seen near the mouth of the Pachang River in southern Taiwan. The total population is speculated to be less than 50 birds.
In 2007 it was estimated that the Chinese crested tern would be extinct in five years if authorities would not protect it. BirdLife International of Cambridge, England, stated that a survey of Chinese experts found that the number of crested terns fell to 50 birds, half the population of 2004. A Chinese survey team led by Chen Shuihua stated that the bird was "on the verge of extinction."[2]
It is currently threatened by illegal egg collection, typhoons, and disturbance of nesting colonies by fishermen. There is also a threat of hybridization with the greater crested tern. [3]
In 2016, for the first time, Chinese crested terns were found breeding in South Korea. Setting up a new colony in such a faraway area would prove a boon for the species.[4]
References
Bridge, E. S.; Jones, A. W. & Baker, A. J. (2005): A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 459–469. PDF fulltext
BirdLife International (2018). "Thalasseus bernsteini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22694585A131118818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694585A131118818.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Chinese seabird on verge of extinction
Yang, J.; Chen, G.; Yuan, L.; Huang, Q.; Fan, Z.; Lu, Y.; Lui, Y.; Chen, S. (2018). "Genetic evidence of hybridization of the world's most endangered tern, the Chinese Crested Tern Thalasseus bernsteini". Ibis. 160 (4): 900–906. doi:10.1111/ibi.12616. S2CID 90714317.
International, BirdLife. "A tern for the better | BirdLife". www.birdlife.org. Retrieved 2017-06-24.
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