Cardiocondyla

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Formicoidea

Familia: Formicidae
Subfamilia: Myrmicinae
Tribus: Crematogastrini
Genus: Cardiocondyla
Species (70): C. atalanta – C. batesii – C. bicoronata – C. brachyceps – C. breviscapus – C. britteni – C. bulgarica – C. carbonaria – C. compressa – C. cristata – C. elegans – C. emeryi – C. fajumensis – C. gallagheri – C. gallilaeica – C. gibbosa – C. goa – C. insutura – C. israelica – C. itsukii – C. jacquemini – C. kagutsuchi – C. koshewnikovi – C. kushanica – C. littoralis – C. longiceps – C. longinoda – C. luciae – C. mauritanica – C. melana – C. minutior – C. monardi – C. nana – C. neferka – C. nigra – C. nigrocerea – C. nivalis – C. nuda – C. obscurior – C. opaca – C. opistopsis – C. papuana – C. paradoxa – C. paranuda – C. parvinoda – C. persiana – C. pirata – C. rugulosa – C. sahlbergi – C. sekhemka – C. semirubra – C. shagrinata – C. shuckardi – C. sima – C. stambuloffii – C. strigifrons – C. tenuifrons – C. thoracica – C. tibetana – C. tiwarii – C. tjibodana – C. ulianini – C. unicalis – C. venustula – C. weserka – C. wheeleri – C. wroughtonii – C. yemeni – C. yoruba – C. zoserka
Source(s) of checklist:
Name

Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869: 20
Type species: Cardiocondyla elegans Emery, 1869
Fixation: Monotypy

Synonyms

Dyclona
Emeryia Forel, 1890: cx
Loncyda
Prosopidris
Xenometra

References

Emery, C. 1869: Enumerazione dei Formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell'Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti (2) 2: 1–26. [Not seen] Reference page.
Collingwood. 1985: Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 7: 230–302.
Heinze, J.; Cremer, S.; Eckl, N.; Schrempf, A. 2006: Stealthy invaders: the biology of Cardiocondyla tramp ants. Insectes sociaux 53(1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s00040-005-0847-4 Reference page.
Rigato, F. 2002: Three new Afrotropical Cardiocondyla Emery, with a revised key to the workers (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 134(2): 167-173. Full article (PDF) Reference page.
Seifert, B. 2003: The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien (B) 104: 203-338. Full article (PDF) Reference page.
Seifert, B., Okita, I. & Heinze, J. 2017. A taxonomic revision of the Cardiocondyla nuda group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 4290(2): 324–356. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.4. Reference page.

Cardiocondyla is an Old World genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae.[2]

Distribution

Approximately 70 species are currently recognized as belonging to this genus, most of which are distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics, but a few of which occur in the temperate zone. Some species are also found widely separated in North America and the Pacific Islands, as a result of human introduction.[3]
Description

Several species of this genus have a striking male polymorphism, with both winged and wingless forms. These males differ not only in morphology, but also in reproductive tactics.[3] Closely related genera are Leptothorax, Stereomyrmex and Romblonella.[4]
Outbreeding

Cardiocondyla elegans worker ants transport young queen ants to alien nests to promote outbreeding.[5] This allows avoidance of inbreeding depression. The worker ants, sisters of these queens, may transport the queens several meters from their natal nest and drop them off at another, alien nest to promote outbreeding with wingless stationary males in a process somewhat analogous to third party matchmaking in humans.[5] After mating during the winter, the sexual females may depart in the spring and found their own colonies.
Species

Cardiocondyla atalanta Forel, 1915
Cardiocondyla batesii Forel, 1894
Cardiocondyla bicoronata Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla brachyceps Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla breviscapa Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla britteni Crawley, 1920
Cardiocondyla bulgarica Forel, 1892
Cardiocondyla carbonaria Forel, 1907
Cardiocondyla cristata (Santschi, 1912)
Cardiocondyla elegans Emery, 1869
Cardiocondyla emeryi Forel, 1881
Cardiocondyla fajumensis Forel, 1913
Cardiocondyla gallagheri Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
Cardiocondyla gallilaeica Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla gibbosa Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
Cardiocondyla goa Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla humilis (Smith, 1858)
Cardiocondyla insutura Zhou, 2001
Cardiocondyla israelica Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla jacquemini Bernard, 1953
Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi Terayama, 1999
Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi Ruzsky, 1902
Cardiocondyla kushanica Pisarski, 1967
Cardiocondyla littoralis Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla longiceps Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla longinoda Rigato, 2002
Cardiocondyla luciae Rigato, 2002
Cardiocondyla mauritanica Forel, 1890
Cardiocondyla melana Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla minutior Forel, 1899
Cardiocondyla monardi Santschi, 1930
Cardiocondyla nana Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla neferka Bolton, 1982
Cardiocondyla nigra Forel, 1905
Cardiocondyla nigrocerea Karavaiev, 1935
Cardiocondyla nivalis Mann, 1919
Cardiocondyla nuda (Mayr, 1866)
Cardiocondyla obscurior Wheeler, 1929
Cardiocondyla opaca Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla opistopsis Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla papuana (Reiskind, 1965)
Cardiocondyla paradoxa Emery, 1897
Cardiocondyla paranuda Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla parvinoda Forel, 1902
Cardiocondyla persiana Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla pirata Seifert & Frohschammer, 2013
Cardiocondyla rugulosa Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla sahlbergi Forel, 1913
Cardiocondyla sekhemka Bolton, 1982
Cardiocondyla semirubra Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla shagrinata Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla shuckardi Forel, 1891
Cardiocondyla sima Wheeler, 1935
Cardiocondyla stambuloffii Forel, 1892
Cardiocondyla strigifrons Viehmeyer, 1922
Cardiocondyla tenuifrons Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla thoracica (Smith, 1859)
Cardiocondyla tibetana Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla tiwarii Ghosh, Sheela & Kundu, 2005
Cardiocondyla tjibodana Karavaiev, 1935
Cardiocondyla ulianini Emery, 1889
Cardiocondyla unicalis Seifert, 2003
Cardiocondyla venustula Wheeler, 1908
Cardiocondyla weserka Bolton, 1982
Cardiocondyla wheeleri Viehmeyer, 1914
Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel, 1890)
Cardiocondyla yemeni Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
Cardiocondyla yoruba Rigato, 2002
Cardiocondyla zoserka Bolton, 1982

References

Bolton, B. (2014). "Cardiocondyla". AntCat. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
"Genus: Cardiocondyla". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
Okita, I.; Murase, K.; Sato, T.; Kato, K.; Hosoda, A.; Terayama, M.; Masuko, K. (2013). "The Spatial Distribution of mtDNA and Phylogeographic Analysis of the Ant Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Japan". Sociobiology. 60 (2). doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i2.129-134.
Taylor, Robert W. (1991). "Notes on the ant genera Romblonella and Willowsiella, with comments on their affinities, and the first descriptions of Australian species. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)". Psyche. 97 (3–4): 281–298. doi:10.1155/1990/29514.

Vidal M, Königseder F, Giehr J, Schrempf A, Lucas C, Heinze J. Worker ants promote outbreeding by transporting young queens to alien nests. Commun Biol. 2021 May 3;4(1):515. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02016-1. PMID: 33941829; PMCID: PMC8093424

Emery, C. 1869: Enumerazione dei Formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell'Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti, (2)2: 1-26.
This article incorporates text from a scholarly publication published under a copyright license that allows anyone to reuse, revise, remix and redistribute the materials in any form for any purpose: Okita, I.; Murase, K.; Sato, T.; Kato, K.; Hosoda, A.; Terayama, M.; Masuko, K. (2013). "The Spatial Distribution of mtDNA and Phylogeographic Analysis of the Ant Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Japan". Sociobiology. 60 (2). doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i2.129-134. Please check the source for the exact licensing terms.