Monochamus

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Infraordo: Cucujiformia
Cladus: Phytophaga
Superfamilia: Chrysomeloidea

Familia: Cerambycidae
Subfamilia: Lamiinae
Tribus: Monochamini
Genus: Monochamus

Subgenera: M. (Basochamus) – M. (Bruneochamus) – M. (Camochamus) – M. (Dialus) – M. (Ethiopiochamus) – M. (Granulochamus) – M. (Laertochamus) – M. (Marginobixadus) – M. (Melanolamia) – M. (Mendinus) – M. (Monochamus) – M. (Neochamus) – M. (Opepharus) – M. (Paramena) – M. (Parochamus) – M. (Quasiochamus) – M. (Scapolamia) – M. (Sinelamia) – M. (Thryloma) – M. (Tibetobia)

Overview of species: M. abruptus – M. accri – M. adamitus – M. affinis – M. alboapicalis – M. alboscutellaris – M. alternatus – M. aparus – M. asiaticus – M. asper – M. atrocoeruleogriseus – M. balteatus – M. basifossulatus – M. basigranulatus – M. basilewskyi – M. benito – M. bialbomaculatus – M. bimaculatus – M. binigricollis – M. binigromaculatus – M. blairi – M. bootangensis – M. borchmanni – M. buquetii – M. burgeoni – M. camerunensis – M. carolinensis – M. clamator – M. conradti – M. convexicollis – M. dayremi – M. densepunctatus – M. dentator – M. desperatus – M. diores – M. dubius – M. fisheri – M. flavosignatus – M. flavovittatus – M. foraminosus – M. foveatus – M. foveolatus – M. franzae – M. galloprovincialis – M. gardneri – M. grandis – M. granulipennis – M. gravidus – M. griseoplagiatus – M. guerryi – M. guttulatus – M. impluviatus – M. inexpectatus – M. irrorator – M. itzingeri – M. jordani – M. karlitzingeri – M. kashitu – M. kaszabi – M. kinabaluensis – M. kivuensis – M. laevis – M. lamottei – M. latefasciatus – M. lepesmei – M. lineolatus – M. lunifer – M. luteodispersus – M. maculosus – M. marmorator – M. maruokai – M. masaoi – M. mausoni – M. mbai – M. mediomaculatus – M. melaleucus – M. mexicanus – M. millegranus – M. murinus – M. nigrobasimaculatus – M. nigromaculatus – M. nigromaculicollis – M. nigroplagiatus – M. nigrovittatus – M. nitens – M. notatus – M. obtusus – M. ochreomarmoratus – M. ochreopunctatus – M. ochreosparsus – M. ochreosticticus – M. olivaceus – M. omias – M. pentagonus – M. pheretes – M. philomenus – M. pictor – M. principis – M. pseudotuberosus – M. quadriplagiatus – M. rectus – M. regularis – M. reticulatus – M. rhodesianus – M. roveroi – M. rubiginosus – M. ruspator – M. saltuarius – M. sargi – M. sartor – M. scabiosus – M. scutellatus – M. semicirculus – M. semigranulatus – M. serratus – M. shembaganurensis – M. similis – M. sparsutus – M. spectabilis – M. strandi – M. stuhlmanni – M. subconvexicollis – M. subcribrosus – M. subfasciatus – M. subgranulipennis – M. subtriangularis – M. sutor – M. taiheizanensis – M. talianus – M. thoas – M. thomsoni – M. titillator – M. tonkinensis – M. transvaaliensis – M. triangularis – M. tridentatus – M. tropicalis – M. urussovii – M. vagus – M. variegatus – M. verticalis – M. villiersi – M. x-fulvum
Name

Monochamus Dejean, 1821: 106 (as "Monochamus. Meg.")

Type species: Cerambyx sutor Linné, 1758 (designated by Curtis, 1828: 219)
Synonyms

Monohammus Dahl, 1823: 67 (as "Monohammus. v. M.") [published in a suppressed work]
Monohammus Dejean, 1835: 340 (as "Monohammus. Megerle.") [unjustified emendation]

References
Primary references

Dejean, P.F.M.A. 1821. Catalogue de la collection de coléoptères de M. le Baron Dejean. Crevot, Paris. viii + 138 + [2] pp. BHL Reference page.
Dahl, G. 1823. Coleoptera und Lepidoptera. Ein systematisches Verzeichniss, mit beygesetzten Preisen der Vorräthe. J.E. Akkermann, Wien. iv + 105 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.124180 Open access. BHL. [suppressed by the ICZN (1964) in Opinion 710] Reference page.
Dejean, P.F.M.A. 1835. Catalogue des Coléoptères de la collection de M. le comte Dejean. Deuxième édition. [Livraison 4]. Paris: Méquignon-Marvis Père et Fils. pp. 257–360. BHL. Reference page.

Additional references

Santos-Silva, A. & Botero, J.P. 2018. Descriptions, transferences and synonymies in American Monochamini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), with revised keys to species of Hammatoderus and Taeniotes. Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.) 54(3): 273-291. DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2018.1463869. Reference page.

Links

Tavakilian, G. & Chevillotte, H.: TITAN: Cerambycidae database, accessed 2021-09-08.
Subfamily Lamiinae: tribe Monochamini (atlas of long-horned beetles of Russia). Beetles (Coleoptera) and Coleopterists.

Vernacular names
English: Longhorn Beetle
suomi: Tukkijäärät
français: Monochame
lietuvių: Ožiaragiai
русский: Усач чёрный

Monochamus is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifers[1] such as pines. They are the type genus of the Monochamini, a tribe in the huge long-horned beetle subfamily Lamiinae, but typically included in the Lamiini today.

If sawyer beetles infect freshly cut pine logs, they can cause a 30–40% loss in value due to the tunnels their larvae bore. It is important to process logs within a few weeks of cutting or store them in water to minimize damage.[2] Some species are known to transport phoretic Bursaphelenchus nematodes, including B. xylophilus which causes pine wilt disease.[3]
Contents

1 Taxonomy
1.1 Species
2 Gallery
3 References
4 External links

Taxonomy

The genus is very large, and its boundaries have varied considerably over time, with many species placed in this genus that have long since been removed, and species placed in other genera that have been added, and there are at least 20 subgenera presently recognized by most authorities.[4]
Species
Notable sawyer (M. notatus)
Spotted pine sawyer (M. maculosus)

Monochamus abruptus Holzschuh, 2015
Monochamus accri (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
Monochamus adamitus Thomson, 1857
Monochamus affinis Breuning, 1938
Monochamus alboapicalis (Pic, 1934)
Monochamus alboscutellaris Breuning, 1977
Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842 – Japanese pine sawyer beetle
Monochamus aparus (Jordan, 1903)
Monochamus asiaticus (Hayashi, 1962)
Monochamus asper Breuning, 1935
Monochamus atrocoeruleogriseus Gilmour, 1956
Monochamus balteatus Aurivillius, 1903
Monochamus basifossulatus Breuning, 1938
Monochamus basigranulatus Breuning, 1952
Monochamus basilewskyi Breuning, 1952
Monochamus benito (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
Monochamus bialbomaculatus Breuning, 1948
Monochamus bimaculatus Gahan, 1888
Monochamus binigricollis Breuning, 1965
Monochamus binigromaculatus Breuning, 1959
Monochamus blairi (Breuning, 1936)
Monochamus bootangensis Breuning, 1947
Monochamus borchmanni Breuning, 1959
Monochamus buquetii (Thomson, 1858) [= tuberosus]
Monochamus burgeoni Breuning, 1935
Monochamus camerunensis Aurivillius, 1903
Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier, 1792) – Carolina sawyer
Monochamus clamator (LeConte, 1852) – spotted pine sawyer
Monochamus conradti Breuning, 1961
Monochamus convexicollis Gressitt, 1942
Monochamus dayremi Breuning, 1935
Monochamus densepunctatus Breuning, 1980
Monochamus dentator (Fabricius, 1793)
Monochamus desperatus Thomson, 1857
Monochamus diores (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
Monochamus dubius (Gahan, 1894)
Monochamus fisheri Breuning, 1944
Monochamus flavosignatus Breuning, 1947
Monochamus flavovittatus Breuning, 1935
Monochamus foraminosus Holzschuh, 2015
Monochamus foveatus Breuning, 1961
Monochamus foveolatus Hintz, 1911 [= unicolor]
Monochamus franzae (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795) – black pine sawyer or timberman beetle
Monochamus gardneri Breuning, 1938
Monochamus grandis Waterhouse, 1881
Monochamus granulipennis Breuning, 1949
Monochamus gravidus (Pascoe, 1858)
Monochamus griseoplagiatus Thomson, 1858 [= ochraceomaculatus]
Monochamus guerryi Pic, 1903
Monochamus guttulatus Gressitt, 1951
Monochamus impluviatus Motschulsky, 1859
Monochamus inexpectatus Breuning, 1935
Monochamus irrorator (Chevrolat, 1855) [= plumbeus, ruficornis]
Monochamus itzingeri Breuning, 1935
Monochamus jordani Nonfried, 1894
Monochamus karlitzingeri Tavakilian & Jiroux, 2015
Monochamus kashitu (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
Monochamus kaszabi Heyrovský, 1955
Monochamus kinabaluensis Hüdepohl, 1996
Monochamus kivuensis Breuning, 1938
Monochamus laevis Jordan, 1903
Monochamus lamottei Lepesme & Breuning, 1952
Monochamus latefasciatus Breuning, 1944
Monochamus lepesmei Breuning, 1956
Monochamus lineolatus (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
Monochamus lunifer (Aurivillius, 1891)
Monochamus luteodispersus Pic, 1927
Monochamus maculosus Haldeman, 1847 [= mutator] – spotted pine sawyer
Monochamus marmorator Kirby in Richardson, 1837 – balsam fir sawyer
Monochamus maruokai Hayashi, 1962
Monochamus masaoi Kusama & Takakuwa, 1984
Monochamus mausoni Breuning, 1950
Monochamus mbai Lepesme & Breuning, 1953
Monochamus mediomaculatus Breuning, 1935
Monochamus melaleucus Jordan, 1903
Monochamus mexicanus (Breuning, 1950)
Monochamus millegranus Bates, 1891
Monochamus murinus (Gahan, 1888)
Monochamus nigrobasimaculatus Breuning, 1981
Monochamus nigromaculatus Gressitt, 1942
Monochamus nigromaculicollis Breuning, 1974
Monochamus nigroplagiatus Breuning, 1935
Monochamus nigrovittatus Breuning, 1938
Monochamus nitens Bates, 1884
Monochamus notatus (Drury, 1773) – northeastern sawyer or notable sawyer[5]
Monochamus obtusus Casey, 1891 – obtuse sawyer
Monochamus ochreomarmoratus Breuning, 1960
Monochamus ochreopunctatus Breuning, 1980
Monochamus ochreosparsus Breuning, 1959
Monochamus ochreosticticus Breuning, 1938
Monochamus olivaceus Breuning, 1935
Monochamus omias Jordan, 1903 [= africanus]
Monochamus pentagonus Báguena, 1952
Monochamus pheretes (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
Monochamus philomenus (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
Monochamus pictor (Bates, 1884)
Monochamus principis Breuning, 1956
Monochamus pseudotuberosus Breuning, 1936
Monochamus quadriplagiatus Breuning, 1935
Monochamus rectus Holzschuh, 2015
Monochamus regularis (Aurivillius, 1924)
Monochamus reticulatus (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
Monochamus rhodesianus Gilmour, 1956
Monochamus roveroi Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2015
Monochamus rubiginosus Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2014
Monochamus ruspator (Fabricius, 1781)
Monochamus saltuarius Gebler, 1830 – Sakhalin pine beetle
Monochamus sargi (Bates, 1885)
Monochamus sartor (Fabricius, 1787) [incl. subspecies urussovii] – black fir sawyer
Monochamus scabiosus (Quedenfeldt, 1882) [= centralis]
Monochamus scutellatus (Say, 1824) – white-spotted sawyer or spruce sawyer[6]
Monochamus semicirculus Báguena, 1952
Monochamus semigranulatus (Pic, 1925)
Monochamus serratus (Gahan, 1906)
Monochamus shembaganurensis Breuning, 1979
Monochamus similis Breuning, 1938
Monochamus sparsutus Fairmaire, 1889
Monochamus spectabilis (Perroud, 1855)
Monochamus strandi Breuning, 1939
Monochamus stuhlmanni Kolbe, 1894
Monochamus subconvexicollis Breuning, 1967
Monochamus subcribrosus Breuning, 1950
Monochamus subfasciatus (Bates, 1873) [= fascioguttatus]
Monochamus subgranulipennis Breuning, 1974
Monochamus subtriangularis Breuning, 1971
Monochamus sutor (Linnaeus, 1758) – pine sawyer
Monochamus taiheizanensis Mitono, 1943
Monochamus talianus Pic, 1912
Monochamus thoas (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
Monochamus thomsoni (Chevrolat, 1855)
Monochamus titillator (Fabricius, 1775) – southern pine sawyer
Monochamus tonkinensis Breuning, 1935
Monochamus transvaaliensis Gilmour, 1956
Monochamus triangularis Breuning, 1935
Monochamus tridentatus Chevrolat, 1833
Monochamus tropicalis (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
Monochamus vagus (Gahan, 1888)
Monochamus variegatus (Aurivillius, 1925)
Monochamus verticalis (Fairmaire, 1901)
Monochamus villiersi Breuning, 1960
Monochamus x-fulvum Bates, 1884

References

The Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008): Genus Monochamus. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
Douglas Allen, "Sawyer Beetles", New York Forest Owner, May 1994
Kansas State University Extension Horticulture (KSU-EH) (2005): Pine Wilt Archived 14 August 1997 at archive.today. Version of 28 February 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
Monochamus
John Acorn and Ian Sheldon. Bugs of Ontario. Edmonton, AB:Lone Pine Publ., 2003.
Spruce Sawyer, Insects of Alberta