Melanargia

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Satyrinae
Tribus: Satyrini
Subtribus: Melanargiina
Genus: Melanargia
Subgenera: M. (Argeformia) – M. (Halimede) – M. (Melanargia)
Name

Melanargia Meigen, 1829

Type species: Papilio galathea Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms

Agapetes Billberg, 1820: Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 78 (suppr.), TS: Papilio galathea Linnaeus
Arge Hübner, [1819]: Verz. bek. Schmett. (4): 60 (preocc. Arge Schrank, 1802), TS: Papilio psyche Hübner
Ledargia Houlbert, 1922: in Oberthür, Etud. Lépid. Comp. 19 (2) : 157, 162, TS: Arge yunnana Oberthür
Epimede Houlbert, 1922: in Oberthür, Etud. Lépid. Comp. 19 (2) : 132, 142, 160, TS: Halimede menetriesi Oberthür & Houlbert
Parce Oberthür & Houlbert, 1922: C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 174: 192, TS: Parce fergana Oberthür & Houlbert
Halimede Oberthür & Houlbert, 1922: C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 174: 192 (preocc. Halimede de Haan, 1835, Halimede Rathke, 1843), TS: Halimede asiatica Oberthür & Houlbert
Lachesis Oberthür & Houlbert, 1922: C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 174: 192 (preocc. Lachesis Daudin, 1803, Lachesis Risso, 1826, Lachesis Audouin, 1826, Lachesis Saunders, 1871), TS: Lachesis ruscinonensis Oberthür & Houlbert
Argeformia Verity, 1953; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 5: 47, 49, TS: Papilio arge Sulzer

References

Miller L.D. 1968: The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera). Mem. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 24: 1–174.
Nazari, V., ten Hagen, W. & Bozano, G.C. 2010. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of the 'Marbled Whites' (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Melanargia Meigen). Systematic Entomology 35(1): 132–147. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00493.x Paywall. Reference page.
Tuzov V.K., Bogdanov P.V., Devyatkin A.L., Kaabak L.V., Korolev V.A., Murzin V.S., Samodurov G.D. & Tarasov E.A. 1997: Guide to the butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Pensoft, Sofia.
Carbonell, Frédéric & Alireza Naderi, 2006, Melanargia sadjadii n. sp., du nord de l'Iran (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Buletin de la Société entomologique de France 111 (4): 465–468.

Melanargia is a genus of butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalidae and the subfamily Satyrinae (formerly family Satyridae).

This genus, described by Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1828, is the only genus in the subtribe Melanargiina, Wheeler, 1903.

The adults of this genus of satyrines are easily distinguished by their white wings with black veins and markings (hence the common name "marbled whites"). A peculiar phenotypic distinctiveness is also a dilated vein 12 at the base of the forewing.

Butterflies of genus Melanargia are widespread from Europe and north Africa to Japan.

Species and subspecies

The investigations on genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among Melanargia species have recognized three subgenera (Melanargia, Argeformia, and Halimede) and reclassified the genus in 20 species and relevant subspecies as follows

Subgenus Melanargia Meigen, 1829

Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus, 1758) - marbled white
Melanargia galathea ssp. galathea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Europe)
Melanargia galathea ssp. satnia Fruhstorfer, 1917 (Caucasus)
Melanargia galathea ssp. magdalenae Reichl, 1975
Melanargia galathea ssp. syracusana Zeller, 1847
Melanargia lucasi (Rambur, 1858) (northern Africa)
Melanargia lucasi ssp. lucasi (Rambur, 1858)
Melanargia lucasi ssp. meadwaldoi Rothschild, 1917
Melanargia lachesis (Hübner, 1790) - Iberian marbled white
Melanargia evartianae Wagener, 1976 (northern Iran)
Melanargia evartianae ssp. evartianae Wagener, 1976
Melanargia evartianae ssp. sadjadii Carbonell & Naderi, 2006
Melanargia teneates (Ménétriés, 1832) (northern Iran)
Melanargia teneates ssp. teneates (Ménétriés, 1832)
Melanargia teneates ssp. meda (Grum-Grshimailo, 1895)
Melanargia larissa (Geyer, 1828) - Balkan marbled white
Melanargia larissa ssp. larissa (Geyer, 1828)
Melanargia larissa ssp. hylata (Ménétriés, 1832) (Turkey and Iran)
Melanargia larissa ssp. grumi Standfuss, 1892
Melanargia larissa ssp. lorestanensis Carbonell & Naderi, 2007
Melanargia larissa ssp. iranica Seitz, 1907
Melanargia larissa ssp. taurica (Rober, 1896)
Melanargia larissa ssp. massageta Staudinger, 1901
Melanargia larissa ssp. karabagi Koçak, 1976
Melanargia larissa ssp. kocaki Wagener, 1983
Melanargia larissa ssp. syriaca (Oberthür, 1894)
Melanargia larissa ssp. titea (Klug, 1832) (= titania Calberla, 1891, = standfussi Wagener, 1983)
Melanargia wiskotii Rober, 1896
Melanargia russiae (Esper, 1783) - Esper's marbled white (southern Europe to central Asia)
Melanargia russiae ssp. russiae (Esper, 1793)
Melanargia russiae ssp. cleanthe (Boisduval, 1833)
Melanargia russiae ssp. japygia (Cyrillo, 1787)
Melanargia transcaspica (Staudinger, 1901)
Melanargia transcaspica ssp. transcaspica (Staudinger, 1901)
Melanargia transcaspica ssp. eberti Wagener, 1975
Melanargia parce Staudinger, 1882
Melanargia lucida (Staudinger, 1886)

Subgenus Argeformia Verity, 1953

Melanargia occitanica (Esper, 1793) - western marbled white (south-west of Europe, northern Africa and Sicily)
Melanargia occitanica ssp. occitanica (Esper, 1793)
Melanargia occitanica ssp. pelagia (Oberthur, 1911)
Melanargia occitanica ssp. pherusa (Boisduval, 1832)
Melanargia ines (Hoffmannsegg, 1804) - Spanish marbled white (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya)
Melanargia ines ssp. ines (Hoffmannsegg, 1804)
Melanargia ines ssp. fathme Wagner, 1913
Melanargia ines ssp. jahandiezi Oberthür, 1922
Melanargia arge (Sulzer, 1776) - Italian marbled white (Italy)

Subgenus Halimede (Oberthür & Houlbert, 1922)

Melanargia leda Leech, 1891 (Tibet and western China)
Melanargia leda ssp. leda (Leech, 1891) (=yunnana Oberthür, 1891)
Melanargia leda ssp. melli Wagener, 1961
Melanargia halimede (Ménétriés, 1858) (eastern Mongolia, north-east of China and Korea)
Melanargia halimede ssp. halimede (Ménétriés, 1858) (=gratiani Wagener, 1961)
Melanargia halimede ssp. coreana Okamoto, 1926
Melanargia meridionalis Felder, 1862 (central and western China)
Melanargia meridionalis ssp. meridionalis (C. & R. Felder, 1862)
Melanargia meridionalis ssp. tapaishanensis Wagener, 1961
Melanargia lugens Honrath, 1888 (central China)
Melanargia lugens ssp. lugens (Honrath, 1888) (= ahyoui Wagener, 1961)
Melanargia lugens ssp. hengshanensis Wagener, 1961 (= hoenei Wagener, 1961)
Melanargia lugens ssp. montana (Leech, 1890)
Melanargia epimede Staudinger, 1892 (eastern Mongolia, north-east of China and Korea)
Melanargia epimede ssp. epimede (Staudinger, 1887)
Melanargia epimede ssp. pseudolugens (Staudinger, 1887)
Melanargia epimede ssp. ganymedes Heyne, 1895 (Tibet)
Melanargia asiatica (Oberthür & Houlbert, 1922) (= dejeani Wagener, 1961, = elisa Wagener, 1961, = sigberti Bozano, 2004) (China)

References

"Melanargia Meigen, 1828" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
BioLib.cz
Satyrini Classification
Nazari, V., Ten Hagen, W.,Bozano, G.C. 2010. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of the 'Marbled Whites' (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Melanargia Meigen). Systematic Entomology 35: 132-147