Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Hylidae
Subfamilia: Phyllomedusinae
Genus: Phyllomedusa
Species: P. araguari – P. bahiana – P. bicolor – P. boliviana – P. burmeisteri – P. camba – P. chaparroi – P. coelestis – P. distincta – P. iheringii – P. neildi – P. sauvagii – P. tarsius – P. tetraploidea – P. trinitatis – P. vaillantii – P. venusta
P. araguari - P. bicolor - P. boliviana - P. burmeisteri - P. iheringii - P. sauvagii - P. vaillantii
Name
Phyllomedusa Wagler, 1830
Type species: Rana bicolor Boddaert, 1772
References
Baêta, D.; Caramaschi, U.; Cruz, C.A.G.; Pombal, J.P., jr. 2009: Phyllomedusa itacolomi Caramaschi, Cruz & Feio, 2006, a junior synonym of Phyllomedusa ayeaye (B. Lutz, 1966) (Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae). Zootaxa, 2226: 58–65. Abstract & excerpt
Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Köhler, J., De la Riva, I. & Padial, J.M. 2017. A new morphologically cryptic species of Phyllomedusa (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) from Amazonian forests of northern Peru revealed by DNA sequences. Zootaxa 4269(2): 245–264. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.2.4. Reference page.
Dubois, A.; Ohler, A. 2009: The status of the amphibian nomina created by Merrem (1820) and Ritgen (1828). Zootaxa, 2247: 1–36. Abstract & excerpt
Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 201.
Links
Amphibian Species of the World 5.1 Phyllomedusa access date 30 Apr. 2008
ZooBank: 9A74B7B3-32C8-4BAA-86BC-9247128B782E
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Makifrösche
English: Leaf Frogs
Phyllomedusa is a genus of tree frogs in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae found in tropical and subtropical South America (south to northern Argentina) and Panama. It has 16 recognised species.[1]
Taxonomy
Phyllomedusa tetraploidea
Phyllomedusa venusta
The following species are recognised in the genus Phyllomedusa:[1]
Phyllomedusa bahiana
Phyllomedusa bicolor - giant leaf frog
Phyllomedusa boliviana
Phyllomedusa burmeisteri - Burmeister's leaf frog
Phyllomedusa camba
Phyllomedusa chaparroi
Phyllomedusa coelestis
Phyllomedusa distincta
Phyllomedusa iheringii
Phyllomedusa neildi
Phyllomedusa sauvagii - waxy monkey leaf frog
Phyllomedusa tarsius- tarsier leaf frog
Phyllomedusa tetraploidea
Phyllomedusa trinitatis
Phyllomedusa vaillantii - white-lined leaf frog
Phyllomedusa venusta
Several other species formerly included in this genus are now placed in two other phyllomedusid genera: Callimedusa and Pithecopus.
Ecology and behaviour
Secretions
Some species of the genus Phyllomedusa produce a waxy secretion that reduces the evaporative water loss of their bodies. If they begin to dry out, they move their limbs over their backs, where the secretory glands are, and spread the lipid secretion over their entire skin.[2]
Some indigenous groups from South America use the secretions of Phyllomedusa bicolor, the giant leaf frog, in shamanic hunting practices and as a traditional medicine ritual known as Kambo cleanse. The substance intoxicates those who ingest it, and hunters believe it causes them to temporarily improve their sensorial capacities.
Reproduction
Species of the genus Phyllomedusa deposit their eggs on a leaf surface, interspersed with hydrating jelly capsules. During the mating process, the frogs fold the leaf around their batch of eggs using their limbs, with a jelly plug at the bottom of the folded leaf to prevent the eggs from falling out. At hatching, the jelly plug is liquified, and the tadpoles drop through the previously plugged hole. These nests are made above water, so the tadpoles drop into a suitable habitat, where they begin their lives as filter feeders.
Captivity
The waxy monkey tree frog is known to be kept in captivity.
References
Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Search for Taxon: Phyllomedusa". Amphibian Species of the World, an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
Caldwell, Janalee P. (1999). "Animal adaptations". In Mares, Michael A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Deserts. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 24–27. ISBN 9780806131467.
Further reading
Brand GD, Leite JR, Silva LP, et al. (December 2002). "Dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa oreades and Phyllomedusa distincta. Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity without cytotoxicity to mammalian cells". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (51): 49332–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209289200. PMID 12379643.
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