Carex

Cladus: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Magnoliophyta
Classis: Liliopsida
Subclassis: Commelinidae
Ordo: Poales
Familia: Cyperaceae
Genus: Carex

C. x abitibiana - C. abrupta - C. abscondita - C. acutiformis - C. adelostoma - C. adusta - C. x aestivaliformis - C. aestivalis - C. aggregata - C. agrostoides - C. alata - C. albicans - C. albida - C. albolutescens - C. albonigra - C. albursina - C. alligata - C. alma - C. alopecoidea - C. amphibola - C. amplectens - C. amplifolia - C. angustata - C. angustisquama - C. annectens - C. anthoxanthea - C. aperta - C. appalachica - C. aquatilis - C. arapahoensis - C. arcta - C. arctata - C. arctiformis - C. x arctophila - C. arenaria - C. argyrantha - C. arkansana - C. assiniboinensis - C. atherodes - C. athrostachya - C. atlantica - C. atrata - C. atratiformis - C. atrofusca - C. atrosquama - C. aurea - C. austrina - C. austroalpina - C. austrocaroliniana -

C. baccans - C. backii - C. baileyi - C. baltzellii - C. barbarae - C. barrattii - C. basiantha - C. bebbii - C. bella - C. bicknellii - C. bicolor - C. bigelowii - C. biltmoreana - C. binervis - C. blanda - C. bolanderi - C. bonariensis - C. bonanzensis - C. bonplandii - C. brainerdii - C. brevicaulis - C. brevior - C. breweri - C. brizoides - C. bromoides - C. brunnea - C. brunnescens - C. brysonii - C. buchananii - C. bulbostylis - C. bullata - C. bushii - C. buxbaumii -

C. x caesariensis - C. x calderi - C. californica - C. canariensis - C. canescens - C. capillaris - C. capitata - C. careyana - C. caroliniana - C. caryophyllea - C. castanea - C. cataractae - C. cephaloidea - C. cephalophora - C. chapmanii - C. cherokeensis - C. chihuahuensis - C. chordorrhiza - C. circinata - C. x clausa - C. collinsii - C. communis - C. comosa - C. complanata - C. concinna - C. concinnoides - C. congdonii - C. conica - C. conjuncta - C. x connectens - C. conoidea - C. constanceana - C. cordillerana - C. corrugata - C. crawei - C. crawfordii - C. crebriflora - C. cretica - C. crinita - C. x crinitoides - C. cristatella - C. cruciata - C. crus-corvi - C. cryptolepis - C. cumberlandensis - C. cumulata - C. curatorum - C. cusickii -

C. dasycarpa - C. davisii - C. davyi - C. x deamii - C. debilis - C. decomposita - C. deflexa - C. delicata - C. densa - C. depauperata - C. deweyana - C. diandra - C. digitalis - C. digitata - C. diluta - C. dioica - C. disperma - C. distans - C. distenta - C. disticha - C. divisa - C. divulsa - C. douglasii - C. dudleyi - C. x dumanii - C. duriuscula -

C. ebenea - C. eburnea - C. echinata - C. edwardsiana - C. egglestonii - C. elata - C. eleusinoides - C. elliottii - C. elynoides - C. emoryi - C. enervis - C. engelmannii - C. exilis - C. x exsalina - C. exserta - C. exsiccata - C. extensa -

C. ferruginea - C. festucacea - C. feta - C. filifolia - C. firma - C. x firmior - C. fissa - C. fissuricola - C. flacca - C. flaccosperma - C. flava - C. x flavicans - C. flavocuspis - C. floridana - C. foenea - C. folliculata - C. formosa - C. fracta - C. frankii - C. fuirenoides - C. x fulva -

C. garberi - C. geophila - C. geyeri - C. gifuensis - C. gigantea - C. glacialis - C. glareosa - C. glaucescens - C. glaucodea - C. globosa - C. gmelinii - C. godfreyi - C. gracilescens - C. gracilior - C. gracillima - C. x grantii - C. granularis - C. gravida - C. grayi - C. grisea - C. x groenlandica - C. gynandra - C. gynocrates - C. gynodynama -

C. x haematolepis - C. halliana - C. hallii - C. harfordii - C. x hartii - C. hassei - C. haydeniana - C. haydenii - C. heleonastes - C. helleri - C. x helvola - C. hendersonii - C. heteroneura - C. heterostachya - C. hirsutella - C. hirta - C. hirtifolia - C. hirtissima - C. hitchcockiana - C. holostoma - C. hoodii - C. hookeriana - C. hordeistichos - C. hormathodes - C. hostiana - C. houghtoniana - C. houstonii - C. hyalina - C. hyalinolepis - C. hystericina -

C. idahoa - C. illota - C. impressinervia - C. incurviformis - C. inops - C. integra - C. interior - C. interrupta - C. intumescens - C. inversa -

C. jamesii - C. jonesii - C. joorii - C. juniperorum -

C. kauaiensis - C. x kenaica - C. x knieskernii - C. kobomugi - C. korshinskyi - C. krausei - C. x kyyhkynenii -

C. lachenalii - C. lacustris - C. laeviconica - C. laeviculmis - C. laevivaginata - C. x langeana - C. lapponica - C. lasiocarpa - C. latebracteata - C. lativena - C. laxa - C. laxiculmis - C. laxiflora - C. leavenworthii - C. lemmonii - C. lenticularis - C. leporinella - C. leptalea - C. leptonervia - C. leptopoda - C. leucodonta - C. limosa - C. x limosoides - C. x limula - C. liparocarpos - C. livida - C. loliacea - C. lonchocarpa - C. longii - C. louisianica - C. lucorum - C. lugens - C. lupuliformis - C. lupulina - C. lurida - C. lutea - C. luzulifolia - C. luzulina - C. lyngbyei -

C. mackenziei - C. macloviana - C. macrocephala - C. macrochaeta - C. macrostachys - C. magellanica - C. manhartii - C. marina - C. mariposana - C. maritima - C. x massonii - C. mckittrickensis - C. meadii - C. media - C. melanocarpa - C. melanostachya - C. membranacea - C. x mendica - C. mendocinensis - C. merritt-fernaldii - C. mertensii - C. mesochorea - C. meyenii - C. michauxiana - C. michelii - C. microchaeta - C. microdonta - C. microglochin - C. microptera - C. microrhyncha - C. x mirata - C. misandra - C. misera - C. missouriensis - C. mitchelliana - C. molesta - C. molestiformis - C. montis-eeka - C. morrowii - C. muehlenbergii - C. multicaulis - C. multicostata - C. muricata - C. muriculata - C. muskingumensis - C. myosurus -

C. nardina - C. nebrascensis - C. nelsonii - C. x neobigelowii - C. x neofilipendula - C. x neomiliaris - C. x neorigida - C. nervina - C. neurophora - C. nigra - C. nigricans - C. nigromarginata - C. normalis - C. norvegica - C. nova - C. novae-angliae - C. nubigena - C. nudata -

C. obispoensis - C. obnupta - C. obtusata - C. occidentalis - C. oklahomensis - C. oligocarpa - C. oligosperma - C. x olneyi - C. x oneillii - C. onusta - C. opaca - C. oreocharis - C. ormostachya - C. ornithopoda - C. oronensis - C. otrubae - C. ouachitana - C. ovalis - C. oxylepis - C. ozarkana -

C. pachystachya - C. pachystylis - C. paleacea - C. pallescens - C. x paludivagans - C. panicea - C. paniculata - C. x pannewitziana - C. pansa - C. parallela - C. parryana - C. x patuensis - C. pauciflora - C. paupercula - C. paysonis - C. peckii - C. pediformis - C. pedunculata - C. pellita - C. pelocarpa - C. pendula - C. pensylvanica - C. perdentata - C. perglobosa - C. x persalina - C. petasata - C. petricosa - C. phaeocephala - C. x physocarpioides - C. physodes - C. picta - C. x pieperiana - C. pigra - C. pilulifera - C. piperi - C. pityophila - C. planispicata - C. planostachys - C. plantaginea - C. platylepis - C. platyphylla - C. pluriflora - C. podocarpa - C. polymorpha - C. polystachya - C. praeceptorum - C. praegracilis - C. prairea - C. prasina - C. praticola - C. preslii - C. projecta - C. proposita - C. pseudocyperus - C. pseudofoetida - C. x pseudohelvola - C. pulicaris - C. pumila - C. purpurifera - C. pyrenaica -

C. x quebecensis - C. x quirponensis -

C. radfordii - C. radiata - C. ramenskii - C. rariflora - C. raymondii - C. raynoldsii - C. recta - C. x reducta - C. remota - C. reniformis - C. retroflexa - C. retrorsa - C. rhynchophysa - C. richardsonii - C. riparia - C. roanensis - C. x rollandii - C. rosea - C. rossii - C. rostrata - C. rotundata - C. rufina - C. rupestris - C. ruthii -

C. sabulosa - C. saliniformis - C. x sardloqensis - C. sartwelliana - C. sartwellii - C. saxatilis - C. x saxenii - C. saximontana - C. scabrata - C. scabriuscula - C. scaposa - C. x schatzii - C. schiedeana - C. schottii - C. schweinitzii - C. scirpoidea - C. scoparia - C. scopulorum - C. sempervirens - C. secta - C. senta - C. seorsa - C. serpenticola - C. serratodens - C. sheldonii - C. shinnersii - C. shortiana - C. siccata - C. siderosticha - C. silicea - C. simulata - C. socialis - C. x soerensenii - C. songorica - C. sonomensis - C. sparganioides - C. specifica - C. spectabilis - C. specuicola - C. spicata - C. x spiculosa - C. spissa - C. sprengelii - C. squarrosa - C. stellata - C. stenocarpa - C. x stenolepis - C. stenophylla - C. stenoptila - C. sterilis - C. stipata - C. straminea - C. straminiformis - C. striata - C. striatula - C. stricta - C. styloflexa - C. stylosa - C. subbracteata - C. suberecta - C. subfusca - C. x subimpressa - C. subnigricans - C. x subpaleacea - C. x subrecta - C. x subreducta - C. x subsalina - C. subspathacea - C. x subviridula - C. x sullivantii - C. superata - C. supina - C. swanii - C. sychnocephala - C. sylvatica -

C. tahoensis - C. tenax - C. tenera - C. teneriformis - C. tenuiflora - C. tetanica - C. tetrastachya - C. texensis - C. thunbergii - C. thurberi - C. timida - C. tincta - C. tiogana - C. tomentosa - C. tompkinsii - C. tonsa - C. torreyi - C. torta - C. triangularis - C. tribuloides - C. x trichina - C. trichocarpa - C. trifida - C. triquetra - C. trisperma - C. tristis - C. tuckermanii - C. tumulicola - C. turbinata - C. turgescens - C. turkestanica - C. typhina -

C. ultra - C. umbellata - C. unilateralis - C. ursina - C. utriculata -

C. vacillans - C. vaginata - C. vallicola - C. venusta - C. vernacula - C. verrucosa - C. vesicaria - C. vestita - C. vexans - C. vicaria - C. virescens - C. viridula - C. vulpina - C. vulpinoidea - ù

C. wahuensis - C. whitneyi - C. wiegandii - C. willdenowii - C. williamsii - C. woodii - C. wootonii -

C. x xanthocarpa - C. xerantica -

C. x zahnii

Name

Carex L.

References

* Carex Interactive Identification Key (2006 onwards) URL: http://utc.usu.edu/keys/Carex/Carex.html
* USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2083 (28 February 2008) 2083
* USDA, NRCS. 2008. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 28 February 2008). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. PLANTS Profile

Vernacular name
Internationalization
Türkçe: Ayak otu

Carex is a genus of plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges. Other members of the Cyperaceae family are also called sedges, however those of genus Carex may be called "true" sedges, and it is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.

Caricologia

The term "caricology" derives from Latin: "caricologia." The eminent botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow published the 107-page book " Caricologia, sive descriptiones omnium specierum caricis, in usum excursionum botanicarum pro amicis seorsim impressa... " in 1805. Also, David Heinrich Hoppe published the 104-page book " Caricologia germanica oder Aufzahlung der in Deutschland wildwachsenden Riedgraser " in 1826.

The genus was established by Carolus Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum in 1753. Estimates of the number of species vary from about 1100 to almost 2000 .[1] Their distribution is global, usually traceable through paleophytogeography, such as strong phylogenetic relationships between many Gondwanaland species.

Habitat

Most (but not all) sedges are found in wetlands such as; marshes, calcareous fens, bogs and other peatlands, pond and stream banks, riparian zones, and even ditches; where they are often the dominant vegetation. C. muricata is a rare species which occurs in only a handful of locations within England, and consequently is a protected species under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan.[2] A newly discovered endemic California species is Carex serpenticola, on the Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants for in-situ conservation.[3]

Horticulture

Carex species and cultivars are well represented in the horticulture industry, landscape design projects, and private gardens.[4] Native species are used in wildland habitat restoration projects, Natural landscaping and gardens, and in sustainable landscaping as drought tolerant grass replacements for lawns and garden meadows.[5][6] Both ornamental cultivars (many from Japan) and native species selections are used as perennials in traditional gardens.[7]

Selected species

* Carex abrupta
* Carex acuta L.
* Carex acutiformis Ehrh.
* Carex arenaria L.
* Carex alba
* Carex albida
* Carex albonigra
* Carex albula (syn. C. comans) (Blonde sedge) (cultivar; 'Frosty Curls' ) [8]
* Carex aligata
* Carex alma
* Carex amplifolia
* Carex angustata
* Carex appressa [6]
* Carex appropinquata Schumach. (Fibrous Tussock-sedge)
* Carex aquatilis
* Carex arcta
* Carex asturica Boiss.
* Carex atherodes
* Carex athrostachya
* Carex atrofusca
* Carex aurea (Golden sedge) [7]
* Carex barbarae (Santa Barbara sedge) [6]
* Carex berggrenii (Carmel carpet sedge) [7]
* Carex binervis Sm.
* Carex bigelowii
* Carex bohemica
* Carex brevicollis DC.
* Carex brevior
* Carex breweri
* Carex brachystachys
* Carex brizoides
* Carex buchanii (Brown sedge, Leather leaf sedge) (cultivar; 'Red Rooster' ) [5][6]
* Carex buxbaumii
* Carex camposii Boiss. et Reuter.
* Carex canescens L. (syn. C. cinerea Poll.)
* Carex capillaris L.
* Carex capitata
* Carex caryophyllea Latourrette. (cultivar; 'The Beatles' ) [5]
* Carex cephalophora
* Carex cespitosa L.
* Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh.
* Carex comans (syn. C. albula) (cultivars; 'Hime-kansuga', 'Frosty Curls,'Red' ) [4][6][9]
* Carex comosa
* Carex concinnoides
* Carex conferta Hochst. ex A.Rich.
* Carex conica (cultivars; 'Himekansuge,' 'Snowline' ) [4][8]
* Carex curvula Al.
* Carex cusickii
* Carex cyperoides
* Carex davalliana Sm.
* Carex davisii
* Carex demissa Hornern.
* Carex depauperata Curtis ex With.
* Carex despressa Link.
* Carex diandra
* Carex digitata L.
* Carex disperma
* Carex dipsacea
* Carex distachya Desf.
* Carex distans L.
* Carex disticha Hudson.
* Carex divisa Hudson.
* Carex divulsa Stokes. (Berkeley sedge) (in discussion, syn. C. tumulicola) [9][10]
* Carex dioica
* Carex dolichostachya (cultivar; 'Kaga-nishiki' ) [4][5][7]
* Carex douglasii
* Carex durieui Steudel.
* Carex echinata Murray.
* Carex elata All. (syn. C. stricta) (cultivar, 'Bowles Golden' ) [4][6]
* Carex elegantissima (cultivar; 'Variegata' ) [4][5]
* Carex emoryi
* Carex ericetorum Pollich.
* Carex extensa Good.
* Carex ferruginea Scop.
* Carex festucacea
* Carex filifolia
* Carex filiformis L.
* Carex fimbriata
* Carex firma
* Carex flacca Schieber. (syn: C. glauca) (Blue sedge) [4]
* Carex flagellifera (Toffee twist sedge) [4][7]
* Carex flava L.
* Carex fracta
* Carex frankii
* Carex gaudichaudiana Kunth.
* Carex geyeri
* Carex glauca (syn. C. flacca) (Blue sedge) [4][6][8]
* Carex globularis L.
* Carex grayi [6]
* Carex guestphalica
* Carex halleriana Amo.
* Carex hashimensis (cultivar, 'Everbright' ) [6]
* Carex hassei
* Carex haydeniana Olney. (Cloud sedge) [11]
* Carex helleri
* Carex heteroneura
* Carex hirta L.
* Carex hispida Willd.
* Carex hoodii
* Carex hordeistichos Vill.
* Carex hostiana DC.
* Carex humilis Leysser.
* Carex hystericina
* Carex illota
* Carex infirminervia
* Carex interior
* Carex jamesii Schwein.
* Carex jonesii
* Carex klamathensis
* Carex kobomugi
* Carex lachenalii Schkuhr.
* Carex laevigata Sm.
* Carex lasiocarpa
* Carex lenticularis
* Carex leporinella
* Carex leptalea
* Carex limosa
* Carex liparocarpos Gaudin.
* Carex livida
* Carex loliacea (Ryegrass sedge) (image)
* Carex longii
* Carex lutea
* Carex luzulina
* Carex lyngbyei
* Carex macloviana
* Carex macrostylon Lapeyr.
* Carex mairii Cosson et Germ.
* Carex mariposana
* Carex maritima
* Carex mertensii
* Carex microglochin
* Carex microptera
* Carex molesta
* Carex monostachya
* Carex montana L.
* Carex morrowii (cultivars; 'Aurea-variegata,' 'Fishers Form,' 'Ice Dance,' 'Variegata' ) [4][8]
* Carex multicaulis
* Carex multicostata
* Carex muricata L.
* Carex muskingumensis Nutt.
* Carex nebrascensis
* Carex nervina
* Carex neurophora
* Carex nigra L., Reichard.[6]
* Carex nigricans
* Carex norvegica
* Carex nudata S.Watson.
* Carex obnupta
* Carex obtusata
* Carex occidentalis
* Carex oedipostyla Duval-Jouve
* Carex ornithopoda Willd.[4]
* Carex oshimensis (cultivar; 'Oshimensis' ) [9]
* Carex otrubae Podp.
* Carex ovalis Gooden
* Carex pachystachya
* Carex pallescens L.
* Carex panicea L.
* Carex paniculata L.
* Carex pansa (Meadow sedge) [4][10]
* Carex pairae
* Carex pauciflora Lightf.
* Carex paupercula Michx.
* Carex paridoxa
* Carex parviflora Host.
* Carex pellita
* Carex pendula Hudson. (Drooping sedge) [6]
* Carex pensylvanica
* Carex perdentata [6]
* Carex petasata
* Carex phaeocephala
* Carex phyllocephala (cultivar; 'Sparkler' ) [4][9]
* Carex pilulifera L. (cultivar; 'Tinney's Princess' ) [5]
* Carex polymorpha (Variable sedge)
* Carex praeceptorum
* Carex praecox Schreber.
* Carex praegracilis (Dune sedge) [10]
* Carex praticola
* Carex proposita
* Carex pulicaris L.
* Carex pseudocyperus L.
* Carex pulicarus
* Carex punctata Gaudin.
* Carex pyrenaica Wahlenb.
* Carex raynoldsii
* Carex remota L.
* Carex retroflexa (var. texensis, Caitlin sedge) [9]
* Carex riparia Curtis.
* Carex rossii
* Carex rostrata Stokes.
* Carex rupestris
* Carex scoparia
* Carex scopulorum Vill.
* Carex secta
* Carex sempervirens Vill.
* Carex senta (Stream sedge)
* Carex serotina Mérat.
* Carex serpenticola [12]
* Carex sheldonii
* Carex siderosticha (cultivar, 'Variegata' ) [4]
* Carex siderosticta
* Carex simpliciascula
* Carex simulata
* Carex solandri
* Carex sparganioides
* Carex specifica
* Carex spectabilis
* Carex specuicola
* Carex spicata Hudson.
* Carex spissa (San Diego sedge) [4][10]
* Carex straminiformis
* Carex stricta (syn. C. elata) (Tussock sedge)
* Carex strigosa Hudson.
* Carex subfusca (Mountain sedge) [10]
* Carex subnigricans
* Carex sylvatica Hudson. (Forest sedge)
* Carex temnolepsis (Pinstripe sedge) [7]
* Carex tenuiculmis (cultivar; 'Capuccino' ) [5]
* Carex teretiuscula
* Carex testacea Sol. ex Boott. (Orange sedge, New Zealand orange sedge) [4][6][8]
* Carex texensis [4][6]
* Carex thouarsii
* Carex trifida (Tataki grass) (cultivar; 'Triffid' )[5][7]
* Carex tumulicola (Foothill sedge, née Berkeley sedge)[4][6][10] (name under review re; C. divulsa, )[8](cultivar; 'Santa Cruz Mnts. selection')[5]
* Carex umbrosa Host.
* Carex uncifolia [5]
* Carex utriculata
* Carex vallicola
* Carex vernacula
* Carex vesicaria L.
* Carex vulpina L.
* Carex vulpinoidea
* Carex wahuensis

References
Carex loliacea - Ryegrass sedge

1. ^ Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi (2003-05-05). "Systematics of the genus Carex". http://anthony.darrouzet-nardi.net/works/carex.html.
2. ^ UKBAP. "Action Plan for Carex muricata". http://www.ukbap.org.uk/UKPlans.aspx?ID=190. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
3. ^ http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=8781 calflora.org. Carex serpenticola. access date: 5/25/2010
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r http://www.suncrestnurseries.com/descript/carex.html access date: 5/22/2010
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j http://www.nativeson.com/annotated_catalog/grasscatalog.htm access date: 5/25/2010
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o http://www.elnativogrowers.com/carex_subpage.htm access date: 5/22/2010
7. ^ a b c d e f g http://www.provenwinners.com; access date: 2/22/2010
8. ^ a b c d e f "Cornflower Farms". 2010-02-22. http://www.cornflowerfarms.com.
9. ^ a b c d e http://www.sanmarcosgrowers.com; access date: 2/22/2010
10. ^ a b c d e f Bornstein, Carol, Fross, David, and O'Brien, Bart; 'California Native Plants for the Garden;' Cachuma Press, Los Olivos, CA; 2005; ISBN 0-9628505-8-6, 0-9628505-9-4. pp. 74-5.
11. ^ USDA NCRS. "Carex haydeniana (cloud sedge)". United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NCRS), PLANTS Database. Accessed June 30, 2007.
12. ^ Zika, P. F., Kuykendall, K., and Wilson, B. 1998, "Carex serpenticola (Cyperaceae), a new species from the Klamath Mountains of Oregon and California

External links

* Jones, T. M., et al. (2010) Interactive Visual Identification to Carices of North America @ LSU Herbarium
* Carex images on MorphBank, a biological image database
* El Nativo Growers: annotated carex-sedge catalogue: Native California Carex: i.d. & horticultural info.
* Native Sons: annotated grass-sedge-rush catalogue