Coenonympha

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia: Satyrinae
Tribus: Satyrini
Subtribus: Coenonymphina
Genus: Coenonympha
Species: C. amaryllis – C. amirica – C. ampelos – C. arcania – C. arcanioides – C. caeca – C. california – C. corinna – C. darwiniana – C. dorus – C. elbana – C. fettigii – C. gardetta – C. glycerion – C. haydenii – C. hero – C. inornata – C. iphioides – C. kodiak – C. leander – C. mahometana – C. mangeri – C. mongolica – C. nolckeni – C. ochracea – C. oedippus – C. pamphilus – C. pavonina – C. rhodopensis – C. saadi – C. semenovi – C. sinica – C. sunbecca – C. symphita – C. thyrsis – C. tianshanica – C. tullia – C. tyderes – C. tydeus – C. vaucheri – C. xinjiangensis
Name

Coenonympha Hübner, 1819

Type species: Papilio geticus Esper, 1793
Synonyms

Chortobius Dunning & Pickard, 1858, Accentuated List British Lep.: 5. TS: Papilio pamphilus Linnaeus, 1758
Chortobius Doubleday, 1859, Zoologist syn. List Brit. Butts (ed.2): 2 (preocc. Dunning & Pickard, 1858)
Sicca Verity, 1953, Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 5: 83. TS: Papilio dorus Esper, 1782.
Lyela Swinhoe, 1908, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8)1: 60. TS: Leyela macmahoni Swinhoe, 1908
Triphysa Zeller, 1850, Stett. ent. Ztg. 11: 311. TS: Papilio tircis Stoll, 1782.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Сенніцы

Coenonympha arcania

References

Huang, R.-X. & Murayama, S.-i. 1992. Butterflies of Xinjiang Province, China. Tyô to Ga 43(1): 1–22. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Hübner, 1819, Verz. bek. Schmett. (5): 65.
Kodandaramaiah, U., Braby, M.F., Grund, R., Müller C.J. & Wahlberg, N. 2018. Phylogenetic relationships, biogeography and diversification of Coenonymphina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): intercontinental dispersal of a southern Gondwanan group? Systematic Entomology 43(4): 798–809. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12303 Reference page.
Kodandaramaiah, U., Peña, C., Braby, M.F., Grund, R., Müller C.J., Nylin, S. & Wahlberg, N. 2010. Phylogenetics of Coenonymphina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and the problem of rooting rapid radiations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54(2): 386–394. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.012 Reference page.
Kodandaramaiah, U. & Wahlberg, N. 2009. Phylogeny and biogeography of Coenonympha butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) – patterns of colonization in the Holarctic. Systematic Entomology 34(2): 315–323. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00453.x Reference page.
Korb, S.K. & Bolshakov, L.V. 2011. A catalogue of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoformes) of the former USSR. Second edition, reformatted and updated. Eversmannia, Supplement 2. Abstract. Reference page.

Coenonympha is a butterfly genus belonging to the Coenonymphina, a subtribe of the browns (Satyrinae). The latter are a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies (Nymphalidae). As a rule, Palearctic species are colloquially called heaths, while Nearctic ones are called ringlets. Neither term is limited to members of this genus, however.

Selected species

Listed alphabetically:[1]

Coenonympha amaryllis Stoll, 1782
Coenonympha ampelos Edwards, 1871 – northwest ringlet
Coenonympha arcania (Linnaeus, 1761) – pearly heath
Coenonympha arcanioides Pierret, 1837 – Moroccan pearly heath
Coenonympha caeca Staudinger, 1886
Coenonympha california Westwood, 1851 – California ringlet
Coenonympha corinna (Hübner, 1804) – Corsican heath [Corsica, Sardinia, Elba]
Coenonympha darwiniana Staudinger, 1871 (sometimes in C. gardetta, or C. arcania × C. gardetta)
Coenonympha (darwiniana) macromma Turati & Verity 1910
Coenonympha × decolorata Wagner, 1913 (= C. mahometana × C. sunbecca)
Coenonympha dorus (Esper, 1782) – dusky heath
Coenonympha fettigii Oberthür, 1874
Coenonympha gardetta (de Prunner, 1798) – Alpine heath [Alps, northern Balkans]
Coenonympha glycerion (Borkhausen, 1788) – chestnut heath
Coenonympha haydenii Edwards, 1872 – Hayden's ringlet, Wyoming ringlet, Yellowstone ringlet
Coenonympha hero (Linnaeus, 1761) – scarce heath
Coenonympha inornata Edwards, 1861 – prairie ringlet
Coenonympha iphioides Staudinger, 1870 – Spanish heath
Coenonympha kodiak Edwards, 1869 – Kodiak ringlet
Coenonympha leander Esper, 1784 – Russian heath
Coenonympha mahometana Alphéraky, 1881
Coenonympha mangeri Bang Haas, 1927
Coenonympha mongolica Alphéraky, 1881
Coenonympha nipisiquit McDunnough, 1939 – maritime ringlet
Coenonympha nolckeni Erschoff, 1874
Coenonympha ochracea Edwards, 1861 – ocher ringlet
Coenonympha oedippus (Fabricius, 1787) – false ringlet
Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) – small heath
Coenonympha pavonina Alphéraky, 1888
Coenonympha rhodopensis Elwes, 1900 – eastern large heath [Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, N.Greece, Yugoslavia]
Coenonympha saadi Kollar, 1849
Coenonympha semenovi Alphéraky, 1887
Coenonympha sinica Alphéraky, 1888
Coenonympha sunbecca Eversmann, 1843
Coenonympha symphita Lederer, 1870
Coenonympha thyrsis Freyer, 1845
Coenonympha tullia (Müller, 1764) – large heath, common ringlet
Coenonympha tydeus Leech, 1892
Coenonympha vaucheri Blachier, 1905 – Vaucher's heath
Coenonympha xinjiangensis Chou & Huang, 1994