Saturniinae

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Cladus: Macroheterocera
Superfamilia: Bombycoidea

Familia: Saturniidae
Subfamilia: Saturniinae

Tribus (5): Attacini - Bunaeini - Micragonini - Saturniini - Urotini

genera not assigned to a tribus

Decachorda – Euphranor (Herrich-Schäffer) – Guillemcia – Sagana
Name

Saturniinae Boisduval, 1837
References

Beccaloni, G.W.; Scoble, M.J.; Robinson, G.S.; & Pitkin, B., Editors. (2003) The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex).[1] (accessed 04/06/2006)
Nässig, W.A. & C.G. Treadaway, 1998: The Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines. Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 17: 223–424.

The Saturniinae or saturniines are a subfamily of the family Saturniidae.[1] They are commonly known as emperor moths or wild silk moths. They are easily spotted by the eyespots on the upper surface of their wings. Some exhibit realistic eye-like markings, whilst others have adapted the eyespots to form crescent moon or angular shapes or have lost their wing scales to create transparent windows. They are medium to very large moths, with adult wingspans ranging from 7.5 to 15 cm, in some cases even more. They consist of some of the largest sized Lepidoptera, such as the luna moth, atlas moth, and many more. The Saturniinae is an important source of wild silk and human food in many different cultures.[2]

The saturniine genera, approximately 169 in number, are divided into four major and one minor (Micragonini) tribes. The genus Adafroptilum presently consists of a group of species with undetermined relationships.

Adults in the Saturniinae typically live about 5–12 days and are mostly nocturnal, excluding males in four of the subfamilies. The moths do not eat during their short lives and their mouths are not fully formed. In some species of Saturniinae, there is unmistakable sexual dimorphism. The females in these subfamilies can weigh almost double that of the males, are larger in size, and have larger wings.[3]

The Saturniinae's eggs are oblong and are laid flat against each other in clusters. Once hatched, the larval period lasts about 78 days. They typically pass through five larval instars (excluding egg, pupa and adult), although some may have more. The pupal stage takes place in an often yellowish cocoon. In this stage, they resemble small wooden barrels in shape and color.[4]
Genera
Callosamia angulifera caterpillar (Attacini)
A "mopane worm", the edible caterpillar of Gonimbrasia belina (Bunaeini)
Syntherata janetta of the Saturniini
Eudaemonia brachyura (Urotini)

Tribe Attacini

Archaeoattacus
Attacus
Callosamia
Coscinocera
Epiphora
Eupackardia
Hyalophora
Rhodinia
Rothschildia Grote, 1896
Samia

Tribe Bunaeini Packard, 1902

Athletes
Aurivillius
Bunaea
Bunaeopsis
Cinabra
Cirina
Eochroa
Gonimbrasia
Gynanisa
Heniocha
Imbrasia
Leucopteryx
Lobobunaea
Melanocera
Nudaurelia
Protogynanisa
Pseudimbrasia
Pseudobunaea
Rohaniella
Ubaena

Tribe Micragonini Cockerell in Packard, 1914

Carnegia
Decachorda
Goodia
Holocerina
Ludia
Micragone
Orthogonioptilum
Pseudoludia
Vegetia

Tribe Saturniini Boisduval, 1837

Actias – Asian-American moon moths
Agapema (sometimes included in Saturnia)
Antheraea – tussar moths
Antheraeopsis
Argema – African moon moths
Caligula (sometimes included in Saturnia or Rinaca)
Calosaturnia (sometimes included in Saturnia)
Ceranchia
Copaxa
Cricula
Eudia (mostly included in Saturnia)
Graellsia
Lemaireia
Loepa
Loepantheraea
Neodiphthera
Neoris (mostly included in Saturnia)
Opodiphthera
Pararhodia
Perisomena (sometimes included in Saturnia)
Rinaca
Saturnia – typical emperor moths
Solus
Syntherata

Tribe Urotini

Antherina
Antistathmoptera
Eosia
Eudaemonia
Maltagorea
Parusta
Pselaphelia
Pseudantheraea
Pseudaphelia
Sinobirma
Tagoropsis
Urota
Usta

Incertae sedis

Adafroptilum

References

Savela, Markku. "Saturniinae". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
REGIER, JEROME C.; GRANT, MICHAEL C.; MITTER, CHARLES; COOK, CHRISTOPHER P.; PEIGLER, RICHARD S.; ROUGERIE, RODOLPHE (2008-02-04). "Phylogenetic relationships of wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) inferred from four protein-coding nuclear genes". Systematic Entomology. 33 (2): 219–228. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00416.x. ISSN 0307-6970.
Albertoni, Fabiano F.; Mielke, Carlos G. C.; Duarte, Marcelo; Albertoni, Fabiano F.; Mielke, Carlos G. C.; Duarte, Marcelo (July 19, 2018). "Saturniid moths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) from an Atlantic Rain Forest fragment in southeastern Brazil". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 90 (3): 2827–2844. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820170629. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 30043907.
Moraes, S. S.; Otero, L. S.; Freitas, A. V. L. (December 16, 2016). "Natural History and Comparative Morphology of Immatures of Gamelia anableps (C. Felder & R. Felder) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)". Neotropical Entomology. 46 (4): 397–408. doi:10.1007/s13744-016-0473-z. ISSN 1519-566X. PMID 27987160.